Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments
Testing of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assume...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2004-01-01
|
| Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/8/695/2004/hess-8-695-2004.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819048493367427072 |
|---|---|
| author | K. Rankinen K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield D. Butterfield |
| author_facet | K. Rankinen K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield D. Butterfield |
| author_sort | K. Rankinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Testing of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assumed, that microbial activity in soils proceeds at low rates at northern latitudes during winter, even at sub-zero temperatures. The INCA model was modified to improve the simulation of N transformation rates in northern catchments, characterised by cold climates and extensive snow accumulation and insulation in winter, by introducing an empirical function to simulate soil temperatures below the seasonal snow pack, and a degree-day model to calculate the depth of the snow pack. The proposed snow-correction factor improved the simulation of soil temperatures at Finnish and Norwegian field sites in winter, although soil temperature was still underestimated during periods with a thin snow cover. Finally, a comparison between the modified INCA version (v.1.7) and the former version (v.1.6) was made at the Simojoki river basin in northern Finland and at Dalelva Brook in northern Norway. The new modules did not imply any significant changes in simulated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration levels in the streams but improved the timing of simulated higher concentrations. The inclusion of a modified temperature response function and an empirical snow-correction factor improved the flexibility and applicability of the model for climate effect studies.</p> <p style='line-height: 20px;'><b>Keywords: </b>inorganic N leaching, degree-day snow model, snow pack, catchment scale model |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:17:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:17:08Z |
| publishDate | 2004-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f2022-12-21T19:05:53ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382004-01-0184695705Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchmentsK. RankinenK. RankinenØ. KasteØ. KasteD. ButterfieldD. ButterfieldTesting of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assumed, that microbial activity in soils proceeds at low rates at northern latitudes during winter, even at sub-zero temperatures. The INCA model was modified to improve the simulation of N transformation rates in northern catchments, characterised by cold climates and extensive snow accumulation and insulation in winter, by introducing an empirical function to simulate soil temperatures below the seasonal snow pack, and a degree-day model to calculate the depth of the snow pack. The proposed snow-correction factor improved the simulation of soil temperatures at Finnish and Norwegian field sites in winter, although soil temperature was still underestimated during periods with a thin snow cover. Finally, a comparison between the modified INCA version (v.1.7) and the former version (v.1.6) was made at the Simojoki river basin in northern Finland and at Dalelva Brook in northern Norway. The new modules did not imply any significant changes in simulated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration levels in the streams but improved the timing of simulated higher concentrations. The inclusion of a modified temperature response function and an empirical snow-correction factor improved the flexibility and applicability of the model for climate effect studies.</p> <p style='line-height: 20px;'><b>Keywords: </b>inorganic N leaching, degree-day snow model, snow pack, catchment scale modelhttp://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/8/695/2004/hess-8-695-2004.pdf |
| spellingShingle | K. Rankinen K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield D. Butterfield Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
| title_full | Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
| title_fullStr | Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
| title_short | Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
| title_sort | adaptation of the integrated nitrogen model for catchments inca to seasonally snow covered catchments |
| url | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/8/695/2004/hess-8-695-2004.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krankinen adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments AT krankinen adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments AT økaste adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments AT økaste adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments AT dbutterfield adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments AT dbutterfield adaptationoftheintegratednitrogenmodelforcatchmentsincatoseasonallysnowcoveredcatchments |