Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis
BackgroundAtherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007071 |
| _version_ | 1811332653561937920 |
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| author | Lee Stoner Mark Weatherall Paula Skidmore Nicholas Castro Sally Lark James Faulkner Michelle A. Williams |
| author_facet | Lee Stoner Mark Weatherall Paula Skidmore Nicholas Castro Sally Lark James Faulkner Michelle A. Williams |
| author_sort | Lee Stoner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAtherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index. Methods and ResultsPrincipal component analysis was performed on a cross‐sectional sample of 392 children (aged 9.5 years, 50% girls) from 3 representative sample sites across New Zealand. Four factors explained 60% of the variance in the measured variables. In order of variance explained, the factors were: blood pressure (central systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure), adiposity (waist circumference, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin), lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vascular (augmentation index, heart rate, and fasting blood glucose). ConclusionsIn accordance with previous findings in adults and adolescents, one common factor is unlikely to define cardiometabolic health in preadolescent children. Each of the factors, except vascular, which was predominantly explained by augmentation index, are in agreement with previous findings in adolescents. An additional novel finding was that glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose loaded onto different factors, supporting previous work suggesting that fasting blood glucose indicates short‐term glycemic control, whereas glycated hemoglobin reflects chronic glycemic control. Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: www.anzctr.org.au/. ID: ACTRN12614000433606. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:40:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b15db24dafe149debe8893617cdec841 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:40:19Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-b15db24dafe149debe8893617cdec8412022-12-22T02:39:16ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802017-10-0161010.1161/JAHA.117.007071Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor AnalysisLee Stoner0Mark Weatherall1Paula Skidmore2Nicholas Castro3Sally Lark4James Faulkner5Michelle A. Williams6Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NCDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New ZealandDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandSchool of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New ZealandSchool of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New ZealandDepartment of Sport & Exercise, University of Winchester, United KingdomDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MABackgroundAtherosclerosis begins during preadolescence and is occurring at an accelerated rate. This acceleration has been linked to poor lifestyle behaviors and subsequent cardiometabolic complications. Although the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors has been recognized for over 2 decades, previous studies in children have predominantly examined the relationships between atherosclerosis and individual cardiometabolic risk factors or have grouped together preadolescent and adolescent children. Further, no known studies have included glycated hemoglobin or central hemodynamic measures such as central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index. Methods and ResultsPrincipal component analysis was performed on a cross‐sectional sample of 392 children (aged 9.5 years, 50% girls) from 3 representative sample sites across New Zealand. Four factors explained 60% of the variance in the measured variables. In order of variance explained, the factors were: blood pressure (central systolic blood pressure and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure), adiposity (waist circumference, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin), lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vascular (augmentation index, heart rate, and fasting blood glucose). ConclusionsIn accordance with previous findings in adults and adolescents, one common factor is unlikely to define cardiometabolic health in preadolescent children. Each of the factors, except vascular, which was predominantly explained by augmentation index, are in agreement with previous findings in adolescents. An additional novel finding was that glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose loaded onto different factors, supporting previous work suggesting that fasting blood glucose indicates short‐term glycemic control, whereas glycated hemoglobin reflects chronic glycemic control. Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: www.anzctr.org.au/. ID: ACTRN12614000433606.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007071cardiovascularglycated hemoglobinobesityprincipal components analysispulse wave analysis |
| spellingShingle | Lee Stoner Mark Weatherall Paula Skidmore Nicholas Castro Sally Lark James Faulkner Michelle A. Williams Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease cardiovascular glycated hemoglobin obesity principal components analysis pulse wave analysis |
| title | Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis |
| title_full | Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis |
| title_short | Cardiometabolic Risk Variables in Preadolescent Children: A Factor Analysis |
| title_sort | cardiometabolic risk variables in preadolescent children a factor analysis |
| topic | cardiovascular glycated hemoglobin obesity principal components analysis pulse wave analysis |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007071 |
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