Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area
In the current context of climate change, tree–crop combinations in agroforestry systems are suggested to mitigate water and heat stresses, particularly in semi-arid environments of the Mediterranean area. In this framework, a 3-year trial was conducted at the French National Research Institute for...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1789 |
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| author | Anna Panozzo Hsinya Huang Bruno Bernazeau Teofilo Vamerali Marie Françoise Samson Dominique Desclaux |
| author_facet | Anna Panozzo Hsinya Huang Bruno Bernazeau Teofilo Vamerali Marie Françoise Samson Dominique Desclaux |
| author_sort | Anna Panozzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current context of climate change, tree–crop combinations in agroforestry systems are suggested to mitigate water and heat stresses, particularly in semi-arid environments of the Mediterranean area. In this framework, a 3-year trial was conducted at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) in Mauguio (Southern France) in order to investigate the response of twenty-five durum wheat genotypes under a yearly pruned (AF) and a never-pruned alley olive orchard (AF+), in comparison with an open field without trees (control, C). The grain yield of wheat was markedly reduced in both the agroforestry systems AF (average −43%) and AF+ (−83%), according to the shading level. Among the yield components, the plant density at harvest was enhanced in AF (+22%) and AF+ (+3%), although with a significant reduction in the number of grains per spike (−37% in AF and −62% in AF+), and the number of spikes per plant (−32% in AF and −52% in AF+). The thousand-grain weight (TGW) and harvest index (HI) were slightly higher under moderate shade (AF; +12% vs. C) and severe shading (AF+; +6%). Plant biomass and spike size were significantly reduced in both agroforestry systems, while the flag leaf–spike distance (last internode) increased in AF. It was concluded that the moderate shading conditions of AF may create a sustainable agricultural system, and the wide intraspecific variability suggested a large scope for screening suitable genotypes, helping to produce ideotypes to implement agroforestry-oriented breeding programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:02Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b163cd5e35344cb3bb842770c73412af |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b163cd5e35344cb3bb842770c73412af2023-11-20T21:02:49ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-11-011011178910.3390/agronomy10111789Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean AreaAnna Panozzo0Hsinya Huang1Bruno Bernazeau2Teofilo Vamerali3Marie Françoise Samson4Dominique Desclaux5Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, ItalyINRAE, DiaScope Unit, UE0398, INRA, Domaine de Melgueil, 34130 Montpellier, FranceINRAE, DiaScope Unit, UE0398, INRA, Domaine de Melgueil, 34130 Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, ItalyIATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 75338 Paris, CEDEX 07, FranceINRAE, DiaScope Unit, UE0398, INRA, Domaine de Melgueil, 34130 Montpellier, FranceIn the current context of climate change, tree–crop combinations in agroforestry systems are suggested to mitigate water and heat stresses, particularly in semi-arid environments of the Mediterranean area. In this framework, a 3-year trial was conducted at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) in Mauguio (Southern France) in order to investigate the response of twenty-five durum wheat genotypes under a yearly pruned (AF) and a never-pruned alley olive orchard (AF+), in comparison with an open field without trees (control, C). The grain yield of wheat was markedly reduced in both the agroforestry systems AF (average −43%) and AF+ (−83%), according to the shading level. Among the yield components, the plant density at harvest was enhanced in AF (+22%) and AF+ (+3%), although with a significant reduction in the number of grains per spike (−37% in AF and −62% in AF+), and the number of spikes per plant (−32% in AF and −52% in AF+). The thousand-grain weight (TGW) and harvest index (HI) were slightly higher under moderate shade (AF; +12% vs. C) and severe shading (AF+; +6%). Plant biomass and spike size were significantly reduced in both agroforestry systems, while the flag leaf–spike distance (last internode) increased in AF. It was concluded that the moderate shading conditions of AF may create a sustainable agricultural system, and the wide intraspecific variability suggested a large scope for screening suitable genotypes, helping to produce ideotypes to implement agroforestry-oriented breeding programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1789agroforestryalley-croppingwheat ideotypeshadingPARorganic agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Anna Panozzo Hsinya Huang Bruno Bernazeau Teofilo Vamerali Marie Françoise Samson Dominique Desclaux Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area Agronomy agroforestry alley-cropping wheat ideotype shading PAR organic agriculture |
| title | Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area |
| title_full | Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area |
| title_fullStr | Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area |
| title_short | Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area |
| title_sort | morphology phenology yield and quality of durum wheat cultivated within organic olive orchards of the mediterranean area |
| topic | agroforestry alley-cropping wheat ideotype shading PAR organic agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1789 |
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