Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae)
Relict species play an important role in understanding the biogeography of intercontinental disjunctions. <i>Pterocarya</i> (a relict genus) is the valuable model taxon for studying the biogeography of East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct patterns. This disjunction has...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1524 |
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| author | Yi-Gang Song Ying Li Hong-Hu Meng Yann Fragnière Bin-Jie Ge Hitoshi Sakio Hamed Yousefzadeh Sébastien Bétrisey Gregor Kozlowski |
| author_facet | Yi-Gang Song Ying Li Hong-Hu Meng Yann Fragnière Bin-Jie Ge Hitoshi Sakio Hamed Yousefzadeh Sébastien Bétrisey Gregor Kozlowski |
| author_sort | Yi-Gang Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Relict species play an important role in understanding the biogeography of intercontinental disjunctions. <i>Pterocarya</i> (a relict genus) is the valuable model taxon for studying the biogeography of East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct patterns. This disjunction has not been as well studied as others (e.g., between Eastern Asia and North America). Several phylogenetic studies on <i>Pterocarya</i> have been conducted, but none have provided a satisfactory phylogenetic resolution. Here, we report the first well-resolved phylogeny of <i>Pterocarya</i> using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data based on the sampling of all taxa across the entire distribution area of the genus. Taxonomic treatments were also clarified by combining morphological traits. Furthermore, fossil-calibrated phylogeny was used to explore the biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i>. Our results support the existence of two sections in <i>Pterocarya</i>, which is in accordance with morphological taxonomy. Section <i>Platyptera</i> comprises three species: <i>P. rhoifolia</i>, <i>P. macroptera</i>, and <i>P. delavayi</i>. Section <i>Pterocarya</i> also comprises three species: <i>P. fraxinifolia</i>, <i>P. hupehensis</i>, and <i>P. stenoptera</i>. The divergence between the two sections took place during the early Miocene (20.5 Ma). The formation of the Gobi Desert and climate cooling of northern Siberia in the Middle Miocene (15.7 Ma) might have caused the split of the continuous distribution of this genus and the formation of the East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct pattern. Lastly, the divergence between <i>P. hupehensis</i> and <i>P. stenoptera</i> as well as between <i>P. rhoifolia</i> and <i>P. macroptera</i>/<i>P. delavayi</i> (10.0 Ma) supports the late Miocene diversification hypothesis in East Asia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:59:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b164f0d5830146739495c23fa5008722 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:59:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b164f0d5830146739495c23fa50087222023-11-20T20:19:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-01911152410.3390/plants9111524Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae)Yi-Gang Song0Ying Li1Hong-Hu Meng2Yann Fragnière3Bin-Jie Ge4Hitoshi Sakio5Hamed Yousefzadeh6Sébastien Bétrisey7Gregor Kozlowski8Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, ChinaEastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, ChinaCentre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuefu Rd. 88, Wuhua, Kunming 650223, ChinaDepartment of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandEastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, ChinaField Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Sado-city, Niigata 950-2181, JapanFaculty of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Mazandaran 14115-111, IranDepartment of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandEastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, ChinaRelict species play an important role in understanding the biogeography of intercontinental disjunctions. <i>Pterocarya</i> (a relict genus) is the valuable model taxon for studying the biogeography of East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct patterns. This disjunction has not been as well studied as others (e.g., between Eastern Asia and North America). Several phylogenetic studies on <i>Pterocarya</i> have been conducted, but none have provided a satisfactory phylogenetic resolution. Here, we report the first well-resolved phylogeny of <i>Pterocarya</i> using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data based on the sampling of all taxa across the entire distribution area of the genus. Taxonomic treatments were also clarified by combining morphological traits. Furthermore, fossil-calibrated phylogeny was used to explore the biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i>. Our results support the existence of two sections in <i>Pterocarya</i>, which is in accordance with morphological taxonomy. Section <i>Platyptera</i> comprises three species: <i>P. rhoifolia</i>, <i>P. macroptera</i>, and <i>P. delavayi</i>. Section <i>Pterocarya</i> also comprises three species: <i>P. fraxinifolia</i>, <i>P. hupehensis</i>, and <i>P. stenoptera</i>. The divergence between the two sections took place during the early Miocene (20.5 Ma). The formation of the Gobi Desert and climate cooling of northern Siberia in the Middle Miocene (15.7 Ma) might have caused the split of the continuous distribution of this genus and the formation of the East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct pattern. Lastly, the divergence between <i>P. hupehensis</i> and <i>P. stenoptera</i> as well as between <i>P. rhoifolia</i> and <i>P. macroptera</i>/<i>P. delavayi</i> (10.0 Ma) supports the late Miocene diversification hypothesis in East Asia.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1524divergence timeEast Asia-southern Caucasus disjunctionLate Miocene diversificationphylogenomic relationshiprefugiarestriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) |
| spellingShingle | Yi-Gang Song Ying Li Hong-Hu Meng Yann Fragnière Bin-Jie Ge Hitoshi Sakio Hamed Yousefzadeh Sébastien Bétrisey Gregor Kozlowski Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) Plants divergence time East Asia-southern Caucasus disjunction Late Miocene diversification phylogenomic relationship refugia restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) |
| title | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) |
| title_full | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) |
| title_short | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) |
| title_sort | phylogeny taxonomy and biogeography of i pterocarya i juglandaceae |
| topic | divergence time East Asia-southern Caucasus disjunction Late Miocene diversification phylogenomic relationship refugia restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1524 |
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