Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neither indoor residual spraying (IRS) nor long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are able to fully interrupt transmission in holoendemic Africa as single interventions. The combining of IRS and LLINs presents an opportunity for impr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2011-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/343 |
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| author | Ngufor Corine N'Guessan Raphael Boko Pelagie Odjo Abibatou Vigninou Estelle Asidi Alex Akogbeto Martin Rowland Mark |
| author_facet | Ngufor Corine N'Guessan Raphael Boko Pelagie Odjo Abibatou Vigninou Estelle Asidi Alex Akogbeto Martin Rowland Mark |
| author_sort | Ngufor Corine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neither indoor residual spraying (IRS) nor long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are able to fully interrupt transmission in holoendemic Africa as single interventions. The combining of IRS and LLINs presents an opportunity for improved control and management of pyrethroid resistance through the simultaneous presentation of unrelated insecticides.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Chlorfenapyr IRS and a pyrethroid-impregnated polyester LLIN (WHO approved) were tested separately and together in experimental huts in southern Benin against pyrethroid resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus</it>. The bed nets were deliberately holed with either six or 80 holes to examine the effect of increasing wear and tear on protectiveness. <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>were genotyped for the <it>kdr </it>gene to assess the combination's potential to prevent the selection of pyrethroid resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The frequency of <it>kdr </it>was 84%. The overall mortality rates of <it>An. gambiae </it>were 37% and 49% with the six-hole and 80-hole LLINs, respectively, and reached 57% with chlorfenapyr IRS. Overall mortality rates were significantly higher with the combination treatments (82-83%) than with the LLIN or IRS individual treatments. Blood feeding (mosquito biting) rates were lowest with the 6-hole LLIN (12%), intermediate with the 80-hole LLIN (32%) and highest with untreated nets (56% with the 6-hole and 54% with the 80-hole nets). Blood feeding (biting) rates and repellency of mosquitoes with the combination of LLIN and chlorfenapyr IRS showed significant improvement compared to the IRS treatment but did not differ from the LLIN treatments indicating that the LLINs were the primary agents of personal protection. The combination killed significantly higher proportions of <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>(51%, 41%) than the LLIN (15%, 13%) or IRS (32%) treatments.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The chlorfenapyr IRS component was largely responsible for controlling pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes and the LLIN component was largely responsible for blood feeding inhibition and personal protection. Together, the combination shows potential to provide additional levels of transmission control and personal protection against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, thereby justifying the additional resources required. Chlorfenapyr has potential to manage pyrethroid resistance in the context of an expanding LLIN/IRS strategy.</p> |
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| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:10:43Z |
| publishDate | 2011-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b185a6c0080647388427ac2ed32b398f2022-12-22T03:07:18ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752011-11-0110134310.1186/1475-2875-10-343Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in BeninNgufor CorineN'Guessan RaphaelBoko PelagieOdjo AbibatouVigninou EstelleAsidi AlexAkogbeto MartinRowland Mark<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neither indoor residual spraying (IRS) nor long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are able to fully interrupt transmission in holoendemic Africa as single interventions. The combining of IRS and LLINs presents an opportunity for improved control and management of pyrethroid resistance through the simultaneous presentation of unrelated insecticides.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Chlorfenapyr IRS and a pyrethroid-impregnated polyester LLIN (WHO approved) were tested separately and together in experimental huts in southern Benin against pyrethroid resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus</it>. The bed nets were deliberately holed with either six or 80 holes to examine the effect of increasing wear and tear on protectiveness. <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>were genotyped for the <it>kdr </it>gene to assess the combination's potential to prevent the selection of pyrethroid resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The frequency of <it>kdr </it>was 84%. The overall mortality rates of <it>An. gambiae </it>were 37% and 49% with the six-hole and 80-hole LLINs, respectively, and reached 57% with chlorfenapyr IRS. Overall mortality rates were significantly higher with the combination treatments (82-83%) than with the LLIN or IRS individual treatments. Blood feeding (mosquito biting) rates were lowest with the 6-hole LLIN (12%), intermediate with the 80-hole LLIN (32%) and highest with untreated nets (56% with the 6-hole and 54% with the 80-hole nets). Blood feeding (biting) rates and repellency of mosquitoes with the combination of LLIN and chlorfenapyr IRS showed significant improvement compared to the IRS treatment but did not differ from the LLIN treatments indicating that the LLINs were the primary agents of personal protection. The combination killed significantly higher proportions of <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>(51%, 41%) than the LLIN (15%, 13%) or IRS (32%) treatments.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The chlorfenapyr IRS component was largely responsible for controlling pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes and the LLIN component was largely responsible for blood feeding inhibition and personal protection. Together, the combination shows potential to provide additional levels of transmission control and personal protection against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, thereby justifying the additional resources required. Chlorfenapyr has potential to manage pyrethroid resistance in the context of an expanding LLIN/IRS strategy.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/343pyrethroid resistance<it>Anopheles gambiae</it>malaria controlexperimental hut |
| spellingShingle | Ngufor Corine N'Guessan Raphael Boko Pelagie Odjo Abibatou Vigninou Estelle Asidi Alex Akogbeto Martin Rowland Mark Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin Malaria Journal pyrethroid resistance <it>Anopheles gambiae</it> malaria control experimental hut |
| title | Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin |
| title_full | Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin |
| title_fullStr | Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin |
| title_short | Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>: an experimental hut trial in Benin |
| title_sort | combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid resistant it anopheles gambiae it an experimental hut trial in benin |
| topic | pyrethroid resistance <it>Anopheles gambiae</it> malaria control experimental hut |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/343 |
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