Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide
Abstract This paper introduces the annual energy density concept for electric power generation, which is proposed as an informative metric to capture the impacts on the environmental footprint. Our investigation covers a wide range of sources classified by rated power and compares different regions...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25341-9 |
| _version_ | 1811179145936240640 |
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| author | Jonas Kristiansen Nøland Juliette Auxepaules Antoine Rousset Benjamin Perney Guillaume Falletti |
| author_facet | Jonas Kristiansen Nøland Juliette Auxepaules Antoine Rousset Benjamin Perney Guillaume Falletti |
| author_sort | Jonas Kristiansen Nøland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper introduces the annual energy density concept for electric power generation, which is proposed as an informative metric to capture the impacts on the environmental footprint. Our investigation covers a wide range of sources classified by rated power and compares different regions to establish typical spatial flows of energy and evaluate the corresponding scalability to meet future net-zero emission (NZE) goals. Our analysis is conducted based on publicly available information pertaining to different regions and remote satellite image data. The results of our systematic analysis indicate that the spatial extent of electric power generation toward 2050 will increase approximately sixfold, from approximately 0.5% to nearly 3.0% of the world’s land area, based on International Energy Agency (IEA) NZE 2050 targets. We investigate the worldwide energy density for ten types of power generation facilities, two involving nonrenewable sources (i.e., nuclear power and natural gas) and eight involving renewable sources (i.e., hydropower, concentrated solar power (CSP), solar photovoltaic (PV) power, onshore wind power, geothermal power, offshore wind power, tidal power, and wave power). In total, our study covers 870 electric power plants worldwide, where not only the energy density but also the resulting land or sea area requirements to power the world are estimated. Based on the provided meta-analysis results, this paper challenges the common notion that solar power is the most energy-dense renewable fuel source by demonstrating that hydropower supersedes solar power in terms of land use in certain regions of the world, depending on the topography. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:29:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b18d10572d9349edb578d3f9ef71a43a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:29:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b18d10572d9349edb578d3f9ef71a43a2022-12-22T04:40:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-12-0112112610.1038/s41598-022-25341-9Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwideJonas Kristiansen Nøland0Juliette Auxepaules1Antoine Rousset2Benjamin Perney3Guillaume Falletti4Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Department of Electric Power Engineering (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Abstract This paper introduces the annual energy density concept for electric power generation, which is proposed as an informative metric to capture the impacts on the environmental footprint. Our investigation covers a wide range of sources classified by rated power and compares different regions to establish typical spatial flows of energy and evaluate the corresponding scalability to meet future net-zero emission (NZE) goals. Our analysis is conducted based on publicly available information pertaining to different regions and remote satellite image data. The results of our systematic analysis indicate that the spatial extent of electric power generation toward 2050 will increase approximately sixfold, from approximately 0.5% to nearly 3.0% of the world’s land area, based on International Energy Agency (IEA) NZE 2050 targets. We investigate the worldwide energy density for ten types of power generation facilities, two involving nonrenewable sources (i.e., nuclear power and natural gas) and eight involving renewable sources (i.e., hydropower, concentrated solar power (CSP), solar photovoltaic (PV) power, onshore wind power, geothermal power, offshore wind power, tidal power, and wave power). In total, our study covers 870 electric power plants worldwide, where not only the energy density but also the resulting land or sea area requirements to power the world are estimated. Based on the provided meta-analysis results, this paper challenges the common notion that solar power is the most energy-dense renewable fuel source by demonstrating that hydropower supersedes solar power in terms of land use in certain regions of the world, depending on the topography.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25341-9 |
| spellingShingle | Jonas Kristiansen Nøland Juliette Auxepaules Antoine Rousset Benjamin Perney Guillaume Falletti Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide Scientific Reports |
| title | Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| title_full | Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| title_fullStr | Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| title_short | Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| title_sort | spatial energy density of large scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25341-9 |
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