Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease
Introduction Despite the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), rates of thromboembolic disease, and subsequent morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. Direct oral anticoagulants...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | TH Open |
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| Online Access: | http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0040-1720962 |
| _version_ | 1818556998877184000 |
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| author | Eric Wenzler Monaz H. Engineer Maidah Yaqoob Scott T. Benken |
| author_facet | Eric Wenzler Monaz H. Engineer Maidah Yaqoob Scott T. Benken |
| author_sort | Eric Wenzler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Despite the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), rates of thromboembolic disease, and subsequent morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as apixaban, have numerous purported benefits although the safety and efficacy of their use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 has yet to be evaluated.
Materials and Methods Single-center, retrospective cohort study of 21 ICU patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory disease treated with apixaban for atrial fibrillation (AFib), venous thromboembolism (VTE), catheter-induced thrombosis, and/or COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. The primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of bleeding events and secondary objectives included thromboembolic events, coagulation parameters, and mortality.
Results Ninety percent of patients were non-White, 43% were obese, 90% had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 76% required mechanical ventilation. Nearly half of (47.6%) also experienced renal dysfunction and required renal replacement therapy. Eighty-six percent of patients received prophylaxis or treatment with UFH or LMWH within the 24-hour period prior to apixaban initiation. Patients were initiated on apixaban for the treatment of suspected or confirmed VTE (67%) or AFib (33%). All coagulation parameters remained abnormal but stable throughout the 10-day monitoring period. No patients experienced any major bleeding events or thrombosis throughout the study period. There were four deaths during the follow-up period, all deemed unrelated to coagulopathy or bleeding.
Conclusion Apixaban appeared safe and efficacious in ICU patients with severe COVID-19 disease. These data encourage future trials seeking to optimize anticoagulation strategies in patients with severe COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:54:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b18d8c7db7554cf5a13d0bd18db757e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2512-9465 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:54:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Georg Thieme Verlag KG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | TH Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-b18d8c7db7554cf5a13d0bd18db757e42022-12-21T23:26:39ZengGeorg Thieme Verlag KGTH Open2512-94652020-10-010404e376e38210.1055/s-0040-1720962Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory DiseaseEric Wenzler0Monaz H. Engineer1Maidah Yaqoob2Scott T. Benken3Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United StatesIntroduction Despite the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), rates of thromboembolic disease, and subsequent morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as apixaban, have numerous purported benefits although the safety and efficacy of their use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 has yet to be evaluated. Materials and Methods Single-center, retrospective cohort study of 21 ICU patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory disease treated with apixaban for atrial fibrillation (AFib), venous thromboembolism (VTE), catheter-induced thrombosis, and/or COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. The primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of bleeding events and secondary objectives included thromboembolic events, coagulation parameters, and mortality. Results Ninety percent of patients were non-White, 43% were obese, 90% had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 76% required mechanical ventilation. Nearly half of (47.6%) also experienced renal dysfunction and required renal replacement therapy. Eighty-six percent of patients received prophylaxis or treatment with UFH or LMWH within the 24-hour period prior to apixaban initiation. Patients were initiated on apixaban for the treatment of suspected or confirmed VTE (67%) or AFib (33%). All coagulation parameters remained abnormal but stable throughout the 10-day monitoring period. No patients experienced any major bleeding events or thrombosis throughout the study period. There were four deaths during the follow-up period, all deemed unrelated to coagulopathy or bleeding. Conclusion Apixaban appeared safe and efficacious in ICU patients with severe COVID-19 disease. These data encourage future trials seeking to optimize anticoagulation strategies in patients with severe COVID-19.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0040-1720962apixabancoagulopathycovid-19thrombosissars-cov-2 |
| spellingShingle | Eric Wenzler Monaz H. Engineer Maidah Yaqoob Scott T. Benken Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease TH Open apixaban coagulopathy covid-19 thrombosis sars-cov-2 |
| title | Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease |
| title_full | Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease |
| title_fullStr | Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease |
| title_short | Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban For Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Disease |
| title_sort | safety and efficacy of apixaban for therapeutic anticoagulation in critically ill icu patients with severe covid 19 respiratory disease |
| topic | apixaban coagulopathy covid-19 thrombosis sars-cov-2 |
| url | http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0040-1720962 |
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