The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study
Wide areas of the Southern sector of Ecuador are characterized by Cretaceous mafic volcanic rocks, pervasively altered by a propylitic mineralogical assemblage with epidote, chlorite, and quartz with minor titanite, illite and prehnite. These propylitically altered rocks host significant gold minera...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1255712/full |
| _version_ | 1827822709540651008 |
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| author | Paolo Fulignati Maurizio Mulas Michelle Del Pilar Villalta Echeverria Silvia Fornasaro Erwin Larreta Erwin Larreta Pierina Lisbeth Mendoza Arteaga Melanie Annabela Menoscal Menoscal Paola Romero-Crespo Anna Gioncada |
| author_facet | Paolo Fulignati Maurizio Mulas Michelle Del Pilar Villalta Echeverria Silvia Fornasaro Erwin Larreta Erwin Larreta Pierina Lisbeth Mendoza Arteaga Melanie Annabela Menoscal Menoscal Paola Romero-Crespo Anna Gioncada |
| author_sort | Paolo Fulignati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wide areas of the Southern sector of Ecuador are characterized by Cretaceous mafic volcanic rocks, pervasively altered by a propylitic mineralogical assemblage with epidote, chlorite, and quartz with minor titanite, illite and prehnite. These propylitically altered rocks host significant gold mineralization in veins, deeply exploited in the last decades. Porphyry Au-Cu deposits also occur in the area. This work focuses on the study of this propylitic alteration to assess the genetic conditions and the relation with the distance from the porphyry system, through the chemical composition of the secondary minerals (particularly trace elements in epidote and chlorite) and fluid inclusion data. The aim is to improve knowledge of the trace element geochemistry of secondary minerals in propylitic alteration and their relationship to the causative porphyry systems. The results of this work indicate that alteration affecting the rocks of the Pallatanga Fm. can be related to the propylitic hydrothermal alteration halo of porphyry copper deposits. Fluid inclusion investigation in quartz veins associated with epidote and chlorite evidenced at least two pulses of hydrothermal fluids characterized by temperature around 345°C for the first one and around 305°C for the second one. The salinity of the fluids is always low (around 1.5 wt% NaClequiv.) suggesting a dominantly meteoric component. Evidence of boiling processes have not been observed. We hypothesize that the hydrothermally altered “green rocks” of the Ponce Enriquez Mining District could be envisaged as the propylitic halo of the Miocene hornblende-bearing Au-Cu porphyry deposits of Gaby-Papa Grande, and discuss the epidote and chlorite trace element composition in this scenario. The results help improving the general knowledge of the propylitically altered rocks in southern Ecuador and add new data for the use of trace element chemistry of epidote and chlorite in mineral exploration elsewhere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:01:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b19be31aa63e472f9f91cf734b7030e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:01:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b19be31aa63e472f9f91cf734b7030e82023-09-07T14:55:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632023-09-011110.3389/feart.2023.12557121255712The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions studyPaolo Fulignati0Maurizio Mulas1Michelle Del Pilar Villalta Echeverria2Silvia Fornasaro3Erwin Larreta4Erwin Larreta5Pierina Lisbeth Mendoza Arteaga6Melanie Annabela Menoscal Menoscal7Paola Romero-Crespo8Anna Gioncada9Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Geológico Energético (IIGE), Quito, EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorEscuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Guayaquil, EcuadorDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyWide areas of the Southern sector of Ecuador are characterized by Cretaceous mafic volcanic rocks, pervasively altered by a propylitic mineralogical assemblage with epidote, chlorite, and quartz with minor titanite, illite and prehnite. These propylitically altered rocks host significant gold mineralization in veins, deeply exploited in the last decades. Porphyry Au-Cu deposits also occur in the area. This work focuses on the study of this propylitic alteration to assess the genetic conditions and the relation with the distance from the porphyry system, through the chemical composition of the secondary minerals (particularly trace elements in epidote and chlorite) and fluid inclusion data. The aim is to improve knowledge of the trace element geochemistry of secondary minerals in propylitic alteration and their relationship to the causative porphyry systems. The results of this work indicate that alteration affecting the rocks of the Pallatanga Fm. can be related to the propylitic hydrothermal alteration halo of porphyry copper deposits. Fluid inclusion investigation in quartz veins associated with epidote and chlorite evidenced at least two pulses of hydrothermal fluids characterized by temperature around 345°C for the first one and around 305°C for the second one. The salinity of the fluids is always low (around 1.5 wt% NaClequiv.) suggesting a dominantly meteoric component. Evidence of boiling processes have not been observed. We hypothesize that the hydrothermally altered “green rocks” of the Ponce Enriquez Mining District could be envisaged as the propylitic halo of the Miocene hornblende-bearing Au-Cu porphyry deposits of Gaby-Papa Grande, and discuss the epidote and chlorite trace element composition in this scenario. The results help improving the general knowledge of the propylitically altered rocks in southern Ecuador and add new data for the use of trace element chemistry of epidote and chlorite in mineral exploration elsewhere.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1255712/fullpropylitic alterationepidotechloritefluid inclusionsPonce Enriquez Mining district |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Fulignati Maurizio Mulas Michelle Del Pilar Villalta Echeverria Silvia Fornasaro Erwin Larreta Erwin Larreta Pierina Lisbeth Mendoza Arteaga Melanie Annabela Menoscal Menoscal Paola Romero-Crespo Anna Gioncada The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study Frontiers in Earth Science propylitic alteration epidote chlorite fluid inclusions Ponce Enriquez Mining district |
| title | The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| title_full | The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| title_fullStr | The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| title_short | The propylitic alteration in the Ponce Enriquez Gold Mining district, Azuay province, Ecuador: genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| title_sort | propylitic alteration in the ponce enriquez gold mining district azuay province ecuador genetic constraints from a mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions study |
| topic | propylitic alteration epidote chlorite fluid inclusions Ponce Enriquez Mining district |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1255712/full |
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