Economic policy and institutions in the ‘New State’ | Política e instituciones económicas en el nuevo Estado
In this article, the author analyses the economic policy of the ‘New State’ in post-Civil War Spain. The first stage of this policy was to restore ownership rights and change back the balance of economic power to what it was before the establishment of the Second Republic. Once this had been done, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Catalan |
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Universidad de Alicante
2002-12-01
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| Series: | Pasado y Memoria |
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| Online Access: | http://pasadoymemoria.ua.es/article/view/2002-n1-politica-e-instituciones-economicas-en-el-nuevo-estado |
| Summary: | In this article, the author analyses the economic policy of the ‘New State’ in post-Civil War Spain. The first stage of this policy was to restore ownership rights and change back the balance of economic power to what it was before the establishment of the Second Republic. Once this had been done, a markedly interventionist economic policy was progressively implemented, the ultimate aim of which was to attain total self-sufficiency. This involved the creation of genuine economic institutions, which had been non-existent before the war, and whose activity was particularly noticeable during the first two decades of the Franco regime. The author makes a distinction between ‘restitutive institutions’, which fulfilled their purpose within a few months, ‘autarchic institutions’, whose main concern was to increase production in order to achieve self-sufficiency and avoid imports, and ‘interventionist institutions’, which served the State by controlling the production, marketing and sale of almost all products. The end result of this policy was a fiasco on a scale unprecedented in the contemporary history of Spain. | En este trabajo el autor analiza la política económica emprendida por el Nuevo Estado tras la guerra civil. Dicha política tuvo como primera misión restaurar la propiedad y las relaciones de producción existentes antes de la proclamación de la II República. Conseguida esta meta, se implementa progresivamente una política económica extremadamente intervencionista que tiene como fin último conseguir la autarquía, la autosuficiencia integral. Los medios y los fines perseguidos requirieron unas instituciones económicas totalmente genuinas, inexistentes antes de la guerra, y que desarrollaron su acción básicamente durante el primer ventenio franquista. Distinguimos entre instituciones restauradoras, que cumplieron con éxito la misión encomendada en escasos meses; instituciones “autárquicas”, que buscaron prioritariamente el aumento de las producciones con el objeto de alcanzar la autosuficiencia y la sustitución de importaciones; e instituciones “interventoras”, verdaderos instrumentos al servicio del Estado en su afán de control de la producción, comercialización y venta de prácticamente todos los artículos. El resultado final fue un fracaso sin paliativos sin parangón en la historia contemporánea de España. |
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| ISSN: | 1579-3311 2386-4745 |