The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids
The symbiosis in trypanosomatids is a mutualistic relationship characterized by extensive metabolic exchanges between the bacterium and the protozoan. The symbiotic bacterium can complete host essential metabolic pathways, such as those for heme, amino acid, and vitamin production. Experimental assa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/41 |
| _version_ | 1797491361575862272 |
|---|---|
| author | Allan C. de Azevedo-Martins Kary Ocaña Wanderley de Souza Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos Marta M. G. Teixeira Erney P. Camargo João M. P. Alves Maria Cristina M. Motta |
| author_facet | Allan C. de Azevedo-Martins Kary Ocaña Wanderley de Souza Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos Marta M. G. Teixeira Erney P. Camargo João M. P. Alves Maria Cristina M. Motta |
| author_sort | Allan C. de Azevedo-Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The symbiosis in trypanosomatids is a mutualistic relationship characterized by extensive metabolic exchanges between the bacterium and the protozoan. The symbiotic bacterium can complete host essential metabolic pathways, such as those for heme, amino acid, and vitamin production. Experimental assays indicate that the symbiont acquires phospholipids from the host trypanosomatid, especially phosphatidylcholine, which is often present in bacteria that have a close association with eukaryotic cells. In this work, an in-silico study was performed to find genes involved in the glycerophospholipid (GPL) production of Symbiont Harboring Trypanosomatids (SHTs) and their respective bacteria, also extending the search for trypanosomatids that naturally do not have symbionts. Results showed that most genes for GPL synthesis are only present in the SHT. The bacterium has an exclusive sequence related to phosphatidylglycerol production and contains genes for phosphatidic acid production, which may enhance SHT phosphatidic acid production. Phylogenetic data did not indicate gene transfers from the bacterium to the SHT nucleus, proposing that enzymes participating in GPL route have eukaryotic characteristics. Taken together, our data indicate that, differently from other metabolic pathways described so far, the symbiont contributes little to the production of GPLs and acquires most of these molecules from the SHT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:46:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1a445a46e32410881b18753147a42ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:46:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1a445a46e32410881b18753147a42ba2023-11-23T14:59:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-12-011114110.3390/pathogens11010041The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of TrypanosomatidsAllan C. de Azevedo-Martins0Kary Ocaña1Wanderley de Souza2Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos3Marta M. G. Teixeira4Erney P. Camargo5João M. P. Alves6Maria Cristina M. Motta7Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, BrazilLaboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petropolis 25600-000, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, BrazilLaboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petropolis 25600-000, RJ, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, RJ, BrazilThe symbiosis in trypanosomatids is a mutualistic relationship characterized by extensive metabolic exchanges between the bacterium and the protozoan. The symbiotic bacterium can complete host essential metabolic pathways, such as those for heme, amino acid, and vitamin production. Experimental assays indicate that the symbiont acquires phospholipids from the host trypanosomatid, especially phosphatidylcholine, which is often present in bacteria that have a close association with eukaryotic cells. In this work, an in-silico study was performed to find genes involved in the glycerophospholipid (GPL) production of Symbiont Harboring Trypanosomatids (SHTs) and their respective bacteria, also extending the search for trypanosomatids that naturally do not have symbionts. Results showed that most genes for GPL synthesis are only present in the SHT. The bacterium has an exclusive sequence related to phosphatidylglycerol production and contains genes for phosphatidic acid production, which may enhance SHT phosphatidic acid production. Phylogenetic data did not indicate gene transfers from the bacterium to the SHT nucleus, proposing that enzymes participating in GPL route have eukaryotic characteristics. Taken together, our data indicate that, differently from other metabolic pathways described so far, the symbiont contributes little to the production of GPLs and acquires most of these molecules from the SHT.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/41glycerophospholipids (GPLs)Symbiont Bearing Trypanosomatids (SHTs)symbiotic relationshipphospholipid metabolismphylogenetic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Allan C. de Azevedo-Martins Kary Ocaña Wanderley de Souza Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos Marta M. G. Teixeira Erney P. Camargo João M. P. Alves Maria Cristina M. Motta The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids Pathogens glycerophospholipids (GPLs) Symbiont Bearing Trypanosomatids (SHTs) symbiotic relationship phospholipid metabolism phylogenetic analysis |
| title | The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids |
| title_full | The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids |
| title_fullStr | The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids |
| title_short | The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids |
| title_sort | importance of glycerophospholipid production to the mutualist symbiosis of trypanosomatids |
| topic | glycerophospholipids (GPLs) Symbiont Bearing Trypanosomatids (SHTs) symbiotic relationship phospholipid metabolism phylogenetic analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/41 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT allancdeazevedomartins theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT karyocana theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT wanderleydesouza theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT anaterezaribeirodevasconcelos theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT martamgteixeira theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT erneypcamargo theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT joaompalves theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT mariacristinammotta theimportanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT allancdeazevedomartins importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT karyocana importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT wanderleydesouza importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT anaterezaribeirodevasconcelos importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT martamgteixeira importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT erneypcamargo importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT joaompalves importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids AT mariacristinammotta importanceofglycerophospholipidproductiontothemutualistsymbiosisoftrypanosomatids |