Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil
The decolorization of cottonseed oil with activated carbons (ACs) from neem and cotton husks has a dual interest: elimination of undesirable pigments in oil and valorization of the husks; by-products of neem and cottonseed processing, which would otherwise be dumped along riverbanks and farms causin...
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024000914 |
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| author | Abba Chetima Divine Nde Bup Fannyuy Kewir Abdoul Wahaboua |
| author_facet | Abba Chetima Divine Nde Bup Fannyuy Kewir Abdoul Wahaboua |
| author_sort | Abba Chetima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The decolorization of cottonseed oil with activated carbons (ACs) from neem and cotton husks has a dual interest: elimination of undesirable pigments in oil and valorization of the husks; by-products of neem and cottonseed processing, which would otherwise be dumped along riverbanks and farms causing environmental pollution. ACs were produced from neem and cottonseed husks after acid impregnation assisted by microwave heating and in ambient air for the decolorization of neutral cottonseed oil. The experimental data were analyzed by the intraparticle diffusion and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models as well as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The method of impregnation and carbonization time had dramatic effects on the specific surface area (800–1500 g/m2), the quantity of burn-off (50–70 %), and methylene blue index (300–5000 mg/g) values which indicated the potential of the prepared activated carbons in the bleaching of vegetable oil and in other applications such as environmental clean-up and in agriculture. Pigment adsorption increased with temperature for all ACs indicating that the decolorization process was endothermic. The quantity of adsorbent equally had a significant effect on the pigment adsorption process for all ACs. All the activated carbons prepared in this work were 30–80 % more efficient in pigment adsorption than bleaching earth that is normally used in decolorizing neutral cotton seed oil in industries. All tested models are adequate to describe pigment adsorption by the ACs. Both methods of preparation of ACs were effective for oil decolorization, but microwave impregnation is more appealing because it requires only 1 h compared to 6 h for ambient air. Optimum decolorization conditions were 90 °C for 40min and adsorbent concentration of 2 %. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:01:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1ad57a8e9bf400ba551ce121c702ba1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:01:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1ad57a8e9bf400ba551ce121c702ba12024-02-01T06:34:32ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-01-01101e24060Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oilAbba Chetima0Divine Nde Bup1Fannyuy Kewir2Abdoul Wahaboua3Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, CameroonDepartment of Nutrition Food and Bio-resource Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon; Corresponding author.Department of Nutrition Food and Bio-resource Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, CameroonDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, CameroonThe decolorization of cottonseed oil with activated carbons (ACs) from neem and cotton husks has a dual interest: elimination of undesirable pigments in oil and valorization of the husks; by-products of neem and cottonseed processing, which would otherwise be dumped along riverbanks and farms causing environmental pollution. ACs were produced from neem and cottonseed husks after acid impregnation assisted by microwave heating and in ambient air for the decolorization of neutral cottonseed oil. The experimental data were analyzed by the intraparticle diffusion and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models as well as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The method of impregnation and carbonization time had dramatic effects on the specific surface area (800–1500 g/m2), the quantity of burn-off (50–70 %), and methylene blue index (300–5000 mg/g) values which indicated the potential of the prepared activated carbons in the bleaching of vegetable oil and in other applications such as environmental clean-up and in agriculture. Pigment adsorption increased with temperature for all ACs indicating that the decolorization process was endothermic. The quantity of adsorbent equally had a significant effect on the pigment adsorption process for all ACs. All the activated carbons prepared in this work were 30–80 % more efficient in pigment adsorption than bleaching earth that is normally used in decolorizing neutral cotton seed oil in industries. All tested models are adequate to describe pigment adsorption by the ACs. Both methods of preparation of ACs were effective for oil decolorization, but microwave impregnation is more appealing because it requires only 1 h compared to 6 h for ambient air. Optimum decolorization conditions were 90 °C for 40min and adsorbent concentration of 2 %.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024000914Acid activationOilseed wasteImpregnationBleachingMicrowave irradiation |
| spellingShingle | Abba Chetima Divine Nde Bup Fannyuy Kewir Abdoul Wahaboua Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil Heliyon Acid activation Oilseed waste Impregnation Bleaching Microwave irradiation |
| title | Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| title_full | Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| title_fullStr | Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| title_short | Activated carbons from open air and microwave-assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| title_sort | activated carbons from open air and microwave assisted impregnation of cotton and neem husks efficiently decolorize neutral cotton oil |
| topic | Acid activation Oilseed waste Impregnation Bleaching Microwave irradiation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024000914 |
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