Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination
Vaccines are known to function as the most effective interventional therapeutics for controlling infectious diseases, including polio, smallpox, rabies, tuberculosis, influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Smallpox has been eliminated completely and polio is almost extinct because of vaccines. Rabies vaccines an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167214/full |
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| author | Yiwen Xie Yiwen Xie Xuebin Tian Xuebin Tian Xiaodi Zhang Xiaodi Zhang Hangping Yao Hangping Yao Nanping Wu Nanping Wu |
| author_facet | Yiwen Xie Yiwen Xie Xuebin Tian Xuebin Tian Xiaodi Zhang Xiaodi Zhang Hangping Yao Hangping Yao Nanping Wu Nanping Wu |
| author_sort | Yiwen Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccines are known to function as the most effective interventional therapeutics for controlling infectious diseases, including polio, smallpox, rabies, tuberculosis, influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Smallpox has been eliminated completely and polio is almost extinct because of vaccines. Rabies vaccines and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines could effectively protect humans against respective infections. However, both influenza vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines are unable to eliminate these two infectious diseases of their highly variable antigenic sites in viral proteins. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) could be negatively influenced (i.e., interfered with) by immune imprinting of previous infections or vaccinations, and repeated vaccinations could interfere with VE against infections due to mismatch between vaccine strains and endemic viral strains. Moreover, VE could also be interfered with when more than one kind of vaccine is administrated concomitantly (i.e., co-administrated), suggesting that the VE could be modulated by the vaccine-induced immunity. In this review, we revisit the evidence that support the interfered VE result from immune imprinting or repeated vaccinations in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, and the interference in co-administration of these two types of vaccines is also discussed. Regarding the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines, the researchers should focus on the induction of cross-reactive T-cell responses and naive B-cell responses to overcome negative effects from the immune system itself. The strategy of co-administrating influenza and COVID-19 vaccine needs to be considered more carefully and more clinical data is needed to verify this strategy to be safe and immunogenic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:19:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1c3dc608be34b4e967df5ea3046740e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:19:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1c3dc608be34b4e967df5ea3046740e2023-04-19T04:45:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-04-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11672141167214Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccinationYiwen Xie0Yiwen Xie1Xuebin Tian2Xuebin Tian3Xiaodi Zhang4Xiaodi Zhang5Hangping Yao6Hangping Yao7Nanping Wu8Nanping Wu9State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaVaccines are known to function as the most effective interventional therapeutics for controlling infectious diseases, including polio, smallpox, rabies, tuberculosis, influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Smallpox has been eliminated completely and polio is almost extinct because of vaccines. Rabies vaccines and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines could effectively protect humans against respective infections. However, both influenza vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines are unable to eliminate these two infectious diseases of their highly variable antigenic sites in viral proteins. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) could be negatively influenced (i.e., interfered with) by immune imprinting of previous infections or vaccinations, and repeated vaccinations could interfere with VE against infections due to mismatch between vaccine strains and endemic viral strains. Moreover, VE could also be interfered with when more than one kind of vaccine is administrated concomitantly (i.e., co-administrated), suggesting that the VE could be modulated by the vaccine-induced immunity. In this review, we revisit the evidence that support the interfered VE result from immune imprinting or repeated vaccinations in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, and the interference in co-administration of these two types of vaccines is also discussed. Regarding the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines, the researchers should focus on the induction of cross-reactive T-cell responses and naive B-cell responses to overcome negative effects from the immune system itself. The strategy of co-administrating influenza and COVID-19 vaccine needs to be considered more carefully and more clinical data is needed to verify this strategy to be safe and immunogenic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167214/fullimmune interferenceimmune imprintingantigenic distance hypothesisinfluenza vaccineCOVID-19 vaccineanti-vector immunity |
| spellingShingle | Yiwen Xie Yiwen Xie Xuebin Tian Xuebin Tian Xiaodi Zhang Xiaodi Zhang Hangping Yao Hangping Yao Nanping Wu Nanping Wu Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination Frontiers in Immunology immune interference immune imprinting antigenic distance hypothesis influenza vaccine COVID-19 vaccine anti-vector immunity |
| title | Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_full | Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_short | Immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_sort | immune interference in effectiveness of influenza and covid 19 vaccination |
| topic | immune interference immune imprinting antigenic distance hypothesis influenza vaccine COVID-19 vaccine anti-vector immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167214/full |
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