Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach
The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the <i>Pisum sativum&...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1686 |
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| author | Galina Smolikova Ksenia Strygina Ekaterina Krylova Aleksander Vikhorev Tatiana Bilova Andrej Frolov Elena Khlestkina Sergei Medvedev |
| author_facet | Galina Smolikova Ksenia Strygina Ekaterina Krylova Aleksander Vikhorev Tatiana Bilova Andrej Frolov Elena Khlestkina Sergei Medvedev |
| author_sort | Galina Smolikova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:40:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1c762b573394633b397fdb513672de5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:40:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1c762b573394633b397fdb513672de52023-11-30T22:19:18ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011113168610.3390/plants11131686Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic ApproachGalina Smolikova0Ksenia Strygina1Ekaterina Krylova2Aleksander Vikhorev3Tatiana Bilova4Andrej Frolov5Elena Khlestkina6Sergei Medvedev7Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaPostgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaThe seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1686desiccation tolerancegene expressiongerminationpost-germinationRNA-seq<i>Pisum sativum</i> L. |
| spellingShingle | Galina Smolikova Ksenia Strygina Ekaterina Krylova Aleksander Vikhorev Tatiana Bilova Andrej Frolov Elena Khlestkina Sergei Medvedev Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach Plants desiccation tolerance gene expression germination post-germination RNA-seq <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. |
| title | Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach |
| title_full | Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach |
| title_fullStr | Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach |
| title_short | Seed-to-Seedling Transition in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.: A Transcriptomic Approach |
| title_sort | seed to seedling transition in i pisum sativum i l a transcriptomic approach |
| topic | desiccation tolerance gene expression germination post-germination RNA-seq <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1686 |
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