Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes
Anabolic resistance is defined by a blunted stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) to common anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle tissue such as dietary protein and exercise. Generally, MPS is the target of most exercise and feeding interventions as muscle protein breakdown rates seem to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.615849/full |
| _version_ | 1818720204995166208 |
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| author | Kevin J. M. Paulussen Colleen F. McKenna Joseph W. Beals Kenneth R. Wilund Kenneth R. Wilund Amadeo F. Salvador Nicholas A. Burd Nicholas A. Burd |
| author_facet | Kevin J. M. Paulussen Colleen F. McKenna Joseph W. Beals Kenneth R. Wilund Kenneth R. Wilund Amadeo F. Salvador Nicholas A. Burd Nicholas A. Burd |
| author_sort | Kevin J. M. Paulussen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anabolic resistance is defined by a blunted stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) to common anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle tissue such as dietary protein and exercise. Generally, MPS is the target of most exercise and feeding interventions as muscle protein breakdown rates seem to be less responsive to these stimuli. Ultimately, the blunted responsiveness of MPS to dietary protein and exercise underpins the loss of the amount and quality of skeletal muscle mass leading to decrements in physical performance in these populations. The increase of both habitual physical activity (including structured exercise that targets general fitness characteristics) and protein dense food ingestion are frontline strategies utilized to support muscle mass, performance, and health. In this paper, we discuss anabolic resistance as a common denominator underpinning muscle mass loss with aging, obesity, and other disease states. Namely, we discuss the fact that anabolic resistance exists as a dimmer switch, capable of varying from higher to lower levels of resistance, to the main anabolic stimuli of feeding and exercise depending on the population. Moreover, we review the evidence on whether increased physical activity and targeted exercise can be leveraged to restore the sensitivity of skeletal muscle tissue to dietary amino acids regardless of the population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:19:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1c9cebfb3514a8e8a662fbe588a7e51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:19:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1c9cebfb3514a8e8a662fbe588a7e512022-12-21T21:33:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-05-01810.3389/fnut.2021.615849615849Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and SizesKevin J. M. Paulussen0Colleen F. McKenna1Joseph W. Beals2Kenneth R. Wilund3Kenneth R. Wilund4Amadeo F. Salvador5Nicholas A. Burd6Nicholas A. Burd7Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesCenter for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United StatesAnabolic resistance is defined by a blunted stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) to common anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle tissue such as dietary protein and exercise. Generally, MPS is the target of most exercise and feeding interventions as muscle protein breakdown rates seem to be less responsive to these stimuli. Ultimately, the blunted responsiveness of MPS to dietary protein and exercise underpins the loss of the amount and quality of skeletal muscle mass leading to decrements in physical performance in these populations. The increase of both habitual physical activity (including structured exercise that targets general fitness characteristics) and protein dense food ingestion are frontline strategies utilized to support muscle mass, performance, and health. In this paper, we discuss anabolic resistance as a common denominator underpinning muscle mass loss with aging, obesity, and other disease states. Namely, we discuss the fact that anabolic resistance exists as a dimmer switch, capable of varying from higher to lower levels of resistance, to the main anabolic stimuli of feeding and exercise depending on the population. Moreover, we review the evidence on whether increased physical activity and targeted exercise can be leveraged to restore the sensitivity of skeletal muscle tissue to dietary amino acids regardless of the population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.615849/fullsarcopeniaobesitychronic kidney diseasedietary proteinexercise |
| spellingShingle | Kevin J. M. Paulussen Colleen F. McKenna Joseph W. Beals Kenneth R. Wilund Kenneth R. Wilund Amadeo F. Salvador Nicholas A. Burd Nicholas A. Burd Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes Frontiers in Nutrition sarcopenia obesity chronic kidney disease dietary protein exercise |
| title | Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes |
| title_full | Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes |
| title_fullStr | Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes |
| title_short | Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes |
| title_sort | anabolic resistance of muscle protein turnover comes in various shapes and sizes |
| topic | sarcopenia obesity chronic kidney disease dietary protein exercise |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.615849/full |
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