| Summary: | Sex and gender can affect the prevalence and prognosis of diseases. Our aim was to assess similarities and differences for males and females who underwent an upper endoscopy, with regards to indications and results. We reviewed all upper endoscopy reports from 2012 to 2016. Data regarding demographics, indications, and procedure findings were collected. The upper endoscopy findings were compared regarding the most common indications: gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and anemia. We investigated 12,213 gastroscopies among males (age, 56.7 ± 17.4) and 15,817 among females (age, 56.0 ± 17.3, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Males who underwent an upper endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux had higher rates of esophagitis (7.7% vs. 3.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Barret’s esophagus (4.4% vs. 1.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Females who underwent an upper endoscopy for abdominal pain had a higher rate of hiatal hernia, whereas males had higher rates of esophagitis, helicobacter pylori infection, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenitis, and duodenal ulcer (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Gastrointestinal bleeding as an indication for upper endoscopy showed that helicobacter, duodenitis, and duodenal ulcers are more common among males compared to females (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Males with anemia who underwent an upper endoscopy had higher rates of esophagitis (<i>p</i> = 0.021) gastritis (<i>p</i> = 0.002), duodenitis (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and duodenal ulcer (<i>p</i> < 0.001). We found significant differences regarding the pathological gastroscopy findings between males and females in relation to the different indications.
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