| Summary: | Sugarcane leaf blight (SLB), a major fungal leaf disease of sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> spp.), has been attributed to <i>Stagonospora tainanensis</i>. In December 2020 and May 2021, signs of leaf blight were observed on sugarcane in the fields of Chongzuo City, in the Guangxi Province of China. Lesions on the leaves were characterized by yellow or dark red spots in the center. Fungal species were isolated, purified and subjected to pathogenicity evaluation on the sugarcane plants. An isolate that caused symptoms the same as those observed in the field was initially identified as <i>S. tainanensis</i> (<i>Leptosphaeria taiwanensis</i>, perfect state) based on its morphological characteristics both of asexual and sexual stages. Dark brown and nearly spherical pycnidia with conidia of long ellipsoidal, hyaline, one to four cells and 29.27 to 54.39 μm long and 9.03 to 16.12 μm wide were found on corn meal agar medium. Ascomata with asci of cylindrical to clavate, a short stipe and eight spores slightly constricted at the septum, with the size of the spore ranging from 36 to 44 μm long and 8.5 to 12 μm wide, were formed on the sugarcane-leaf-decoction saccharose agar medium. The identity of the species was further confirmed by rDNA ITS and TEF-1<i>α</i> sequencing. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25 °C and the optimal pH was 6.0. The pathogen grew well in a medium with oats as the carbon source and yeast extract as the nitrogen source, but poorly in a medium with urea as the nitrogen source. This study is the first to identify the sugarcane leaf blight pathogen in Guangxi, and the first publication describing the biological characterization of <i>S. tainanensis</i>. The occurrence of sugarcane leaf blight should alert sugarcane breeders and plant pathologists to consider integrating control of this potentially important disease into the agenda of their breeding and disease control programs.
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