Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses
Cardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1800 |
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| author | Maíra M. Santos Gabriel V. Ramos Isabela M. de Figueiredo Tainá C. B. V. Silva José C. Lacerda-Neto |
| author_facet | Maíra M. Santos Gabriel V. Ramos Isabela M. de Figueiredo Tainá C. B. V. Silva José C. Lacerda-Neto |
| author_sort | Maíra M. Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six weeks. The conditioning program was based on the velocity run by the horse at which the blood lactate concentration, determined in an incremental exercise test (IET), reached 2 mmol/L (V<sub>2</sub>). The velocity at which the blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L (V<sub>4</sub>) was also determined. The echocardiograms were performed at rest with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging in B- and M-modes. All procedures were carried out before and after the conditioning period. The results showed increases in V<sub>2</sub> (from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 6.7 ± 0.4 m/s) and V<sub>4</sub> (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 7.6 ± 0.5 m/s) (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). There were also increases in the left ventricle internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle mass (LV mass), and stroke volume (SV), while no changes were observed in the LV free wall thickness and mean and relative wall thicknesses. The conditioning protocol, which was completed by all horses, proved to be safe and efficient, as it improved the aerobic capacity of the animals. Finally, the cardiac remodeling that occurred was mainly associated with the effect of physical training. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:12:46Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:12:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1e30dfe12b54532a011c5d33d14fbbb2023-11-18T07:29:53ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-05-011311180010.3390/ani13111800Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian HorsesMaíra M. Santos0Gabriel V. Ramos1Isabela M. de Figueiredo2Tainá C. B. V. Silva3José C. Lacerda-Neto4Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilDepartment of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilDepartment of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilDepartment of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilDepartment of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal 14884-900, BrazilCardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six weeks. The conditioning program was based on the velocity run by the horse at which the blood lactate concentration, determined in an incremental exercise test (IET), reached 2 mmol/L (V<sub>2</sub>). The velocity at which the blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L (V<sub>4</sub>) was also determined. The echocardiograms were performed at rest with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging in B- and M-modes. All procedures were carried out before and after the conditioning period. The results showed increases in V<sub>2</sub> (from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 6.7 ± 0.4 m/s) and V<sub>4</sub> (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 7.6 ± 0.5 m/s) (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). There were also increases in the left ventricle internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle mass (LV mass), and stroke volume (SV), while no changes were observed in the LV free wall thickness and mean and relative wall thicknesses. The conditioning protocol, which was completed by all horses, proved to be safe and efficient, as it improved the aerobic capacity of the animals. Finally, the cardiac remodeling that occurred was mainly associated with the effect of physical training.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1800athlete’s heartcardiologycardiovascular adaptationechocardiographyequinesexercise physiology |
| spellingShingle | Maíra M. Santos Gabriel V. Ramos Isabela M. de Figueiredo Tainá C. B. V. Silva José C. Lacerda-Neto Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses Animals athlete’s heart cardiology cardiovascular adaptation echocardiography equines exercise physiology |
| title | Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses |
| title_full | Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses |
| title_fullStr | Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses |
| title_short | Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses |
| title_sort | cardiac changes after lactate guided conditioning in young purebred arabian horses |
| topic | athlete’s heart cardiology cardiovascular adaptation echocardiography equines exercise physiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1800 |
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