ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media
In this study, chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) ions were successfully doped into ZnO nanostructures by the solvothermal method. The effect of various Cl<sup>−</sup> concentrations on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO towards the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under the il...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8726 |
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| author | Razan A. Alshgari Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan Aqeel Ahmed Shah Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Nek Muhammad Shaikh Susheel Kumar Mazhar Hussain Ibupoto Amal Elhawary Ayman Nafady Brigitte Vigolo Zaffar Hussain Ibhupoto |
| author_facet | Razan A. Alshgari Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan Aqeel Ahmed Shah Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Nek Muhammad Shaikh Susheel Kumar Mazhar Hussain Ibupoto Amal Elhawary Ayman Nafady Brigitte Vigolo Zaffar Hussain Ibhupoto |
| author_sort | Razan A. Alshgari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) ions were successfully doped into ZnO nanostructures by the solvothermal method. The effect of various Cl<sup>−</sup> concentrations on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO towards the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under the illumination of ultraviolet light was studied. The as-prepared Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO nanostructures were analyzed in terms of morphology, structure, composition and optical properties. XRD data revealed an average crystallite size of 23 nm, and the XRD patterns were assigned to the wurtzite structure of ZnO even after doping with Cl<sup>−</sup>. Importantly, the optical band gap of various Cl ion-doped ZnO nanostructures was successively reduced from 3.42 to 3.16 eV. The photodegradation efficiency of various Cl<sup>−</sup> ion-doped ZnO nanostructures was studied for MB in aqueous solution, and the relative performance of each Cl ion-doped ZnO sample was as follows: 20% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 15% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 10% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 5% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > pristine ZnO. Furthermore, the correlation of the pH of the MB solution and each Cl ion dopant concentration was also investigated. The combined results of varying dopant levels and the effect of the pH of the MB solution on the photodegradation process verified the crucial role of Cl<sup>−</sup> ions in activating the degradation kinetics of MB. Therefore, these newly developed photocatalysts could be considered as alternative materials for practical applications such as wastewater treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:03:32Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:03:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b1f1f06254f74586b405e8eb47461ecc2023-11-24T16:56:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012724872610.3390/molecules27248726ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic MediaRazan A. Alshgari0Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan1Aqeel Ahmed Shah2Muhammad Ali Bhatti3Aneela Tahira4Nek Muhammad Shaikh5Susheel Kumar6Mazhar Hussain Ibupoto7Amal Elhawary8Ayman Nafady9Brigitte Vigolo10Zaffar Hussain Ibhupoto11Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanDepartment of Metallurgy, NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanInstitute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs, Khairpur Mirs 66020, PakistanInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs, Khairpur Mirs 66020, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry and physics, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Natural Resources and Sciences, Jean Lamour Institute, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, FranceInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanIn this study, chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) ions were successfully doped into ZnO nanostructures by the solvothermal method. The effect of various Cl<sup>−</sup> concentrations on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO towards the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under the illumination of ultraviolet light was studied. The as-prepared Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO nanostructures were analyzed in terms of morphology, structure, composition and optical properties. XRD data revealed an average crystallite size of 23 nm, and the XRD patterns were assigned to the wurtzite structure of ZnO even after doping with Cl<sup>−</sup>. Importantly, the optical band gap of various Cl ion-doped ZnO nanostructures was successively reduced from 3.42 to 3.16 eV. The photodegradation efficiency of various Cl<sup>−</sup> ion-doped ZnO nanostructures was studied for MB in aqueous solution, and the relative performance of each Cl ion-doped ZnO sample was as follows: 20% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 15% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 10% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > 5% Cl<sup>−</sup>-doped ZnO > pristine ZnO. Furthermore, the correlation of the pH of the MB solution and each Cl ion dopant concentration was also investigated. The combined results of varying dopant levels and the effect of the pH of the MB solution on the photodegradation process verified the crucial role of Cl<sup>−</sup> ions in activating the degradation kinetics of MB. Therefore, these newly developed photocatalysts could be considered as alternative materials for practical applications such as wastewater treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8726chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) concentrationZnOmethylene bluephotodegradation |
| spellingShingle | Razan A. Alshgari Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan Aqeel Ahmed Shah Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Nek Muhammad Shaikh Susheel Kumar Mazhar Hussain Ibupoto Amal Elhawary Ayman Nafady Brigitte Vigolo Zaffar Hussain Ibhupoto ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media Molecules chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) concentration ZnO methylene blue photodegradation |
| title | ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media |
| title_full | ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media |
| title_fullStr | ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media |
| title_short | ZnO Nanostructures Doped with Various Chloride Ion Concentrations for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Alkaline and Acidic Media |
| title_sort | zno nanostructures doped with various chloride ion concentrations for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in alkaline and acidic media |
| topic | chloride (Cl<sup>−</sup>) concentration ZnO methylene blue photodegradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8726 |
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