Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe
As a major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and a redox signaling protein in human cells, APE1 plays a crucial role in cellular function and survival. The relationship between alterations of APE1 expression and subcellular localization and the initiation, development and treatment of various cance...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3935 |
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| author | Peng Lu Xiangjian Cao Jinghui Zheng Ying Sun Ziyu Tang Meiping Zhao |
| author_facet | Peng Lu Xiangjian Cao Jinghui Zheng Ying Sun Ziyu Tang Meiping Zhao |
| author_sort | Peng Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and a redox signaling protein in human cells, APE1 plays a crucial role in cellular function and survival. The relationship between alterations of APE1 expression and subcellular localization and the initiation, development and treatment of various cancers has received extensive attention. However, comparing the in-vivo activity of APE1 in normal and cancerous breast live cells remains challenging due to the low efficiency of commonly used liposome transfection methods in delivering DNA substrate probes into human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). In this work, we develop a DNA/RNA hybrid-based small magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe (25 ± 3 nm) that can be taken up by various live cells under magnetic transfection. The D<sub>0</sub>/R-nanoprobe demonstrates an outstanding specificity toward APE1 and strong resistance to the cellular background interference. Using this nanoprobe, we are not only able to visualize the intracellular activity of APE1 in breast ductal carcinoma (MCF-7) live cells, but also demonstrate the APE1 activity in MCF-10A live cells for the first time. The method is then extended to observe the changes in APE1 levels in highly metabolically active neuroendocrine cells under normal conditions and severe attacks by reactive oxygen species in real-time. The fluorescent nanoprobe provides a useful tool for studying the dynamic changes of intracellular APE1 in normal or cancerous live cells. It also displays the potential for visible and controllable release of miRNA drugs within live cells for therapeutic purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:11:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1f5e669589347deab5f90635ed0e929 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:11:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1f5e669589347deab5f90635ed0e9292023-11-17T23:25:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-01289393510.3390/molecules28093935Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent NanoprobePeng Lu0Xiangjian Cao1Jinghui Zheng2Ying Sun3Ziyu Tang4Meiping Zhao5Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaAs a major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and a redox signaling protein in human cells, APE1 plays a crucial role in cellular function and survival. The relationship between alterations of APE1 expression and subcellular localization and the initiation, development and treatment of various cancers has received extensive attention. However, comparing the in-vivo activity of APE1 in normal and cancerous breast live cells remains challenging due to the low efficiency of commonly used liposome transfection methods in delivering DNA substrate probes into human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). In this work, we develop a DNA/RNA hybrid-based small magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe (25 ± 3 nm) that can be taken up by various live cells under magnetic transfection. The D<sub>0</sub>/R-nanoprobe demonstrates an outstanding specificity toward APE1 and strong resistance to the cellular background interference. Using this nanoprobe, we are not only able to visualize the intracellular activity of APE1 in breast ductal carcinoma (MCF-7) live cells, but also demonstrate the APE1 activity in MCF-10A live cells for the first time. The method is then extended to observe the changes in APE1 levels in highly metabolically active neuroendocrine cells under normal conditions and severe attacks by reactive oxygen species in real-time. The fluorescent nanoprobe provides a useful tool for studying the dynamic changes of intracellular APE1 in normal or cancerous live cells. It also displays the potential for visible and controllable release of miRNA drugs within live cells for therapeutic purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3935apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)fluorescent nanoprobelive cell fluorescence imaginghuman normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A)human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) |
| spellingShingle | Peng Lu Xiangjian Cao Jinghui Zheng Ying Sun Ziyu Tang Meiping Zhao Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe Molecules apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) fluorescent nanoprobe live cell fluorescence imaging human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) |
| title | Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe |
| title_full | Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe |
| title_fullStr | Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe |
| title_short | Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe |
| title_sort | visualization and comparison of the level of apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in live normal cancerous and neuron cells with a fluorescent nanoprobe |
| topic | apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) fluorescent nanoprobe live cell fluorescence imaging human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3935 |
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