Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland
Abstract Background Enteroccocus spp. are human opportunistic pathogens causing a variety of serious and life-threating infections in humans, including urinary tract infection, endocarditis, skin infection and bacteraemia. Farm animals and direct contact with them are important sources of Enterococc...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2023-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02834-9 |
| _version_ | 1797854007678468096 |
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| author | Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda Krzysztof Skowron Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska Anna Budzyńska Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Monika Wilk Magdalena Wujak Zbigniew Paluszak |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda Krzysztof Skowron Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska Anna Budzyńska Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Monika Wilk Magdalena Wujak Zbigniew Paluszak |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Enteroccocus spp. are human opportunistic pathogens causing a variety of serious and life-threating infections in humans, including urinary tract infection, endocarditis, skin infection and bacteraemia. Farm animals and direct contact with them are important sources of Enterococcus faecalis (EFA) and Enterococcus faecium (EFM) infections among farmers, veterinarians and individuals working in breeding farms and abattoirs. The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains is one of the most serious public health concerns, as clinicians will be left without therapeutic options for the management of enterococcal infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of EFA and EFM strains isolated from a pig farm environment and to determine the biofilm formation ability of identified Enterococcus spp. strains. Results A total numer of 160 enterococcal isolates were obtained from 475 samples collected in total (33.7%). Among them, 110 of genetically different strains were identified and classified into EFA (82; 74.5%) and EFM (28; 25.5%). Genetic similarity analysis revealed the presence of 7 and 1 clusters among the EFA and EFM strains, respectively. The highest percentage of EFA strains (16; 19.5%) was resistant to high concentrations of gentamicin. Among the EFM strains, the most frequent strains were resistant to ampicillin and high concentrations of gentamicin (5 each; 17.9%). Six (7.3%) EFA and 4 (14.3%) EFM strains showed vancomycin resistance (VRE - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus). Linezolid resistance was found in 2 strains of each species. The multiplex PCR analysis was performed to identify the vancomycin resistant enterococci. vanB, vanA and vanD genotypes were detected in 4, 1 and 1 EFA strains, respectively. Four EFA VRE-strains in total, 2 with the vanA and 2 with the vanB genotypes, were identified. The biofilm analysis revealed that all vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains demonstrated a higher biofilm-forming capacity, as compared to the susceptible strains. The lowest cell count (5.31 log CFU / cm2) was reisolated from the biofilm produced by the vancomycin-sensitive strain EFM 2. The highest level of re-isolated cells was observed for VRE EFA 25 and VRE EFM 7 strains, for which the number was 7 log CFU / cm2 and 6.75 log CFU / cm2, respectively. Conclusions The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary practice is considered to be one of the key reasons for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Owing to the fact that piggery environment can be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and transmission route of antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal zoonotic bacteria to clinical strains, it is of a great importance to public health to monitor trends in this biological phenomenon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:59:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b1fd5a80c1564569b8224b6238753d13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:59:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b1fd5a80c1564569b8224b6238753d132023-04-03T05:18:37ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802023-03-0123111410.1186/s12866-023-02834-9Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in PolandKatarzyna Grudlewska-Buda0Krzysztof Skowron1Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska2Anna Budzyńska3Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke4Monika Wilk5Magdalena Wujak6Zbigniew Paluszak7Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background Enteroccocus spp. are human opportunistic pathogens causing a variety of serious and life-threating infections in humans, including urinary tract infection, endocarditis, skin infection and bacteraemia. Farm animals and direct contact with them are important sources of Enterococcus faecalis (EFA) and Enterococcus faecium (EFM) infections among farmers, veterinarians and individuals working in breeding farms and abattoirs. The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains is one of the most serious public health concerns, as clinicians will be left without therapeutic options for the management of enterococcal infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of EFA and EFM strains isolated from a pig farm environment and to determine the biofilm formation ability of identified Enterococcus spp. strains. Results A total numer of 160 enterococcal isolates were obtained from 475 samples collected in total (33.7%). Among them, 110 of genetically different strains were identified and classified into EFA (82; 74.5%) and EFM (28; 25.5%). Genetic similarity analysis revealed the presence of 7 and 1 clusters among the EFA and EFM strains, respectively. The highest percentage of EFA strains (16; 19.5%) was resistant to high concentrations of gentamicin. Among the EFM strains, the most frequent strains were resistant to ampicillin and high concentrations of gentamicin (5 each; 17.9%). Six (7.3%) EFA and 4 (14.3%) EFM strains showed vancomycin resistance (VRE - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus). Linezolid resistance was found in 2 strains of each species. The multiplex PCR analysis was performed to identify the vancomycin resistant enterococci. vanB, vanA and vanD genotypes were detected in 4, 1 and 1 EFA strains, respectively. Four EFA VRE-strains in total, 2 with the vanA and 2 with the vanB genotypes, were identified. The biofilm analysis revealed that all vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains demonstrated a higher biofilm-forming capacity, as compared to the susceptible strains. The lowest cell count (5.31 log CFU / cm2) was reisolated from the biofilm produced by the vancomycin-sensitive strain EFM 2. The highest level of re-isolated cells was observed for VRE EFA 25 and VRE EFM 7 strains, for which the number was 7 log CFU / cm2 and 6.75 log CFU / cm2, respectively. Conclusions The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary practice is considered to be one of the key reasons for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Owing to the fact that piggery environment can be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and transmission route of antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal zoonotic bacteria to clinical strains, it is of a great importance to public health to monitor trends in this biological phenomenon.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02834-9Enterococcus spp.Antibiotic resistanceVREMIC valuesBiofilm formationPig farms |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda Krzysztof Skowron Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska Anna Budzyńska Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Monika Wilk Magdalena Wujak Zbigniew Paluszak Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland BMC Microbiology Enterococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance VRE MIC values Biofilm formation Pig farms |
| title | Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland |
| title_full | Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland |
| title_short | Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland |
| title_sort | assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in poland |
| topic | Enterococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance VRE MIC values Biofilm formation Pig farms |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02834-9 |
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