Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites
The effect of the weaving architecture and the z-binding yarns, for 2D and 3D woven composites on the low-velocity impact resistance of carbon fibre reinforced composites, is investigated and benchmarked against noncrimp fabric (NCF). Four architectures, namely: NCF, 2D plain weave (2D-PW), 3D ortho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/5/2364 |
| _version_ | 1797412787523158016 |
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| author | Hassan M. El-Dessouky Mohamed Nasr Saleh Ying Wang Mohamed S. Alotaibi |
| author_facet | Hassan M. El-Dessouky Mohamed Nasr Saleh Ying Wang Mohamed S. Alotaibi |
| author_sort | Hassan M. El-Dessouky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of the weaving architecture and the z-binding yarns, for 2D and 3D woven composites on the low-velocity impact resistance of carbon fibre reinforced composites, is investigated and benchmarked against noncrimp fabric (NCF). Four architectures, namely: NCF, 2D plain weave (2D-PW), 3D orthogonal: plain (ORT-PW) and twill (ORT-TW), were subjected to 15 J impact using a 16 mm-diameter, 6.7 kg hemispherical impactor. Nondestructive techniques, including ultrasonic C-scanning, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were used to map and quantify the size of the induced barely visible impact damage (BVID). The energy absorption of each architecture was correlated to the damage size: both in-plane and in-depth directions. The 3D architectures, regardless of their unit-cell size, demonstrated the highest impact resistance as opposed to 2D-PW and the NCF. X-ray CT segmentation showed the effect of the higher frequency of the z-binding yarns, in the ORT-PW case, in delamination and crack arresting even when compared to the other 3D architecture (ORT-TW). Among all the architectures, ORT-PW exhibited the highest damage resistance with the least damage size. This suggests that accurate design of the z-binding yarns’ path and more importantly its frequency in 3D woven architectures is essential for impact-resistant composite structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b200a7b39d564d668018a910d491f987 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b200a7b39d564d668018a910d491f9872023-12-03T12:52:31ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-03-01115236410.3390/app11052364Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven CompositesHassan M. El-Dessouky0Mohamed Nasr Saleh1Ying Wang2Mohamed S. Alotaibi3Composite Centre, AMRC with Boeing, University of Sheffield, Rotherham S60 5TZ, UKStructural Integrity & Composites, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, The NetherlandsHenry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKComposite Centre, AMRC with Boeing, University of Sheffield, Rotherham S60 5TZ, UKThe effect of the weaving architecture and the z-binding yarns, for 2D and 3D woven composites on the low-velocity impact resistance of carbon fibre reinforced composites, is investigated and benchmarked against noncrimp fabric (NCF). Four architectures, namely: NCF, 2D plain weave (2D-PW), 3D orthogonal: plain (ORT-PW) and twill (ORT-TW), were subjected to 15 J impact using a 16 mm-diameter, 6.7 kg hemispherical impactor. Nondestructive techniques, including ultrasonic C-scanning, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were used to map and quantify the size of the induced barely visible impact damage (BVID). The energy absorption of each architecture was correlated to the damage size: both in-plane and in-depth directions. The 3D architectures, regardless of their unit-cell size, demonstrated the highest impact resistance as opposed to 2D-PW and the NCF. X-ray CT segmentation showed the effect of the higher frequency of the z-binding yarns, in the ORT-PW case, in delamination and crack arresting even when compared to the other 3D architecture (ORT-TW). Among all the architectures, ORT-PW exhibited the highest damage resistance with the least damage size. This suggests that accurate design of the z-binding yarns’ path and more importantly its frequency in 3D woven architectures is essential for impact-resistant composite structures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/5/2364carbon fibre3-dimensional reinforcementimpact behaviournondestructive testingX-ray computed tomography |
| spellingShingle | Hassan M. El-Dessouky Mohamed Nasr Saleh Ying Wang Mohamed S. Alotaibi Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites Applied Sciences carbon fibre 3-dimensional reinforcement impact behaviour nondestructive testing X-ray computed tomography |
| title | Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites |
| title_full | Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites |
| title_short | Effect of Unit-Cell Size on the Barely Visible Impact Damage in Woven Composites |
| title_sort | effect of unit cell size on the barely visible impact damage in woven composites |
| topic | carbon fibre 3-dimensional reinforcement impact behaviour nondestructive testing X-ray computed tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/5/2364 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hassanmeldessouky effectofunitcellsizeonthebarelyvisibleimpactdamageinwovencomposites AT mohamednasrsaleh effectofunitcellsizeonthebarelyvisibleimpactdamageinwovencomposites AT yingwang effectofunitcellsizeonthebarelyvisibleimpactdamageinwovencomposites AT mohamedsalotaibi effectofunitcellsizeonthebarelyvisibleimpactdamageinwovencomposites |