HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents
Plum–apricot hybrids are the successful backcrosses of plums and apricots. Plums and apricots are well-known and preferred by consumers because of their distinct sensory and beneficial health properties. However, kernel consumption remains limited even though kernels are easily accessible. The “Sten...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/257 |
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| author | Dasha Mihaylova Aneta Popova Ivayla Dincheva Svetla Pandova |
| author_facet | Dasha Mihaylova Aneta Popova Ivayla Dincheva Svetla Pandova |
| author_sort | Dasha Mihaylova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plum–apricot hybrids are the successful backcrosses of plums and apricots. Plums and apricots are well-known and preferred by consumers because of their distinct sensory and beneficial health properties. However, kernel consumption remains limited even though kernels are easily accessible. The “Stendesto” hybrid originates from the “Modesto” apricot and the “Stanley” plum. Kernal metabolites exhibited quantitative differences in terms of metabolites identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and HS-SPME technique profiling. The results revealed a total of 55 different compounds. Phenolic acids, hydrocarbons, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids and alcohols, mono- and disaccharides, as well as amino acids were identified in the studied kernels. The hybrid kernel generally inherited all the metabolites present in the parental kernels. Volatile organic compounds were also investigated. Thirty-five compounds identified as aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, furans, acids, esters, and alkanes were present in the studied samples. Considering volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the hybrid kernel had more resemblance to the plum one, bearing that alkanes were only identified in the apricot kernel. The objective of this study was to investigate the volatile composition and metabolic profile of the first Bulgarian plum–apricot hybrid kernels, and to provide comparable data relevant to both parents. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), differentiation and clustering of the results occurred in terms of the metabolites present in the plum–apricot hybrid kernels with reference to their parental lines. This study is the first providing information about the metabolic profile of variety-defined kernels. It is also a pioneering study on the comprehensive evaluation of fruit hybrids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:13:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2025137ae5a4753a7430cbb7f88d6cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:13:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2025137ae5a4753a7430cbb7f88d6cf2024-03-27T13:44:23ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-03-0110325710.3390/horticulturae10030257HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its ParentsDasha Mihaylova0Aneta Popova1Ivayla Dincheva2Svetla Pandova3Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Catering and Nutrition, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnologies, Agro Bio Institute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Breeding and Genetic Resources, Fruit Growing Institute, Agricultural Academy, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaPlum–apricot hybrids are the successful backcrosses of plums and apricots. Plums and apricots are well-known and preferred by consumers because of their distinct sensory and beneficial health properties. However, kernel consumption remains limited even though kernels are easily accessible. The “Stendesto” hybrid originates from the “Modesto” apricot and the “Stanley” plum. Kernal metabolites exhibited quantitative differences in terms of metabolites identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and HS-SPME technique profiling. The results revealed a total of 55 different compounds. Phenolic acids, hydrocarbons, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids and alcohols, mono- and disaccharides, as well as amino acids were identified in the studied kernels. The hybrid kernel generally inherited all the metabolites present in the parental kernels. Volatile organic compounds were also investigated. Thirty-five compounds identified as aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, furans, acids, esters, and alkanes were present in the studied samples. Considering volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the hybrid kernel had more resemblance to the plum one, bearing that alkanes were only identified in the apricot kernel. The objective of this study was to investigate the volatile composition and metabolic profile of the first Bulgarian plum–apricot hybrid kernels, and to provide comparable data relevant to both parents. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), differentiation and clustering of the results occurred in terms of the metabolites present in the plum–apricot hybrid kernels with reference to their parental lines. This study is the first providing information about the metabolic profile of variety-defined kernels. It is also a pioneering study on the comprehensive evaluation of fruit hybrids.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/257<i>Prunus</i> spp.fruitvolatile organic compounds (VOCs)principal component analysismetabolic chemotaxonomyvolatolomics |
| spellingShingle | Dasha Mihaylova Aneta Popova Ivayla Dincheva Svetla Pandova HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents Horticulturae <i>Prunus</i> spp. fruit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) principal component analysis metabolic chemotaxonomy volatolomics |
| title | HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents |
| title_full | HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents |
| title_fullStr | HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents |
| title_full_unstemmed | HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents |
| title_short | HS-SPME-GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polar and Lipid Metabolites of the “Stendesto” Plum–Apricot Kernel with Reference to Its Parents |
| title_sort | hs spme gc ms profiling of volatile organic compounds and polar and lipid metabolites of the stendesto plum apricot kernel with reference to its parents |
| topic | <i>Prunus</i> spp. fruit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) principal component analysis metabolic chemotaxonomy volatolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/3/257 |
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