The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall
The present study investigated the influence of intravesically instilled resiniferatoxin (RTX) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the distribution, number, and chemical coding of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers (NF) supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs. Samples from the bladder wall were pr...
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MDPI AG
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/310 |
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| author | Ewa Lepiarczyk Agnieszka Bossowska Jerzy Kaleczyc Agnieszka Skowrońska Marta Majewska Michal Majewski Mariusz Majewski |
| author_facet | Ewa Lepiarczyk Agnieszka Bossowska Jerzy Kaleczyc Agnieszka Skowrońska Marta Majewska Michal Majewski Mariusz Majewski |
| author_sort | Ewa Lepiarczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the influence of intravesically instilled resiniferatoxin (RTX) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the distribution, number, and chemical coding of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers (NF) supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs. Samples from the bladder wall were processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence with antibodies against cholinergic and noradrenergic markers and some other neurotransmitter substances. Both RTX and TTX caused a significant decrease in the number of cholinergic NF in the urinary bladder wall (in the muscle coat, submucosa, and beneath the urothelium). RTX instillation resulted in a decrease in the number of noradrenergic NF in the submucosa and urothelium, while TTX treatment caused a significant increase in the number of these axons in all the layers. The most remarkable changes in the chemical coding of the NF comprised a distinct decrease in the number of the cholinergic NF immunoreactive to CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), SOM (somatostatin) or VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), and an increase in the number of noradrenergic NF immunopositive to GAL (galanin) or nNOS, both after RTX or TTX instillation. The present study is the first to suggest that both RTX and TTX can modify the number of noradrenergic and cholinergic NF supplying the porcine urinary bladder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:49:01Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:49:01Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-b203e261e00d496ba522be76dcee47022022-12-22T03:09:55ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512017-10-0191031010.3390/toxins9100310toxins9100310The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder WallEwa Lepiarczyk0Agnieszka Bossowska1Jerzy Kaleczyc2Agnieszka Skowrońska3Marta Majewska4Michal Majewski5Mariusz Majewski6Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10–082, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10–082, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10–082, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10–082, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10–082, Olsztyn, PolandThe present study investigated the influence of intravesically instilled resiniferatoxin (RTX) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the distribution, number, and chemical coding of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers (NF) supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs. Samples from the bladder wall were processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence with antibodies against cholinergic and noradrenergic markers and some other neurotransmitter substances. Both RTX and TTX caused a significant decrease in the number of cholinergic NF in the urinary bladder wall (in the muscle coat, submucosa, and beneath the urothelium). RTX instillation resulted in a decrease in the number of noradrenergic NF in the submucosa and urothelium, while TTX treatment caused a significant increase in the number of these axons in all the layers. The most remarkable changes in the chemical coding of the NF comprised a distinct decrease in the number of the cholinergic NF immunoreactive to CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), SOM (somatostatin) or VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), and an increase in the number of noradrenergic NF immunopositive to GAL (galanin) or nNOS, both after RTX or TTX instillation. The present study is the first to suggest that both RTX and TTX can modify the number of noradrenergic and cholinergic NF supplying the porcine urinary bladder.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/310resiniferatoxintetrodotoxinnerve fibersurinary bladderimmunohistochemistrypig |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Lepiarczyk Agnieszka Bossowska Jerzy Kaleczyc Agnieszka Skowrońska Marta Majewska Michal Majewski Mariusz Majewski The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall Toxins resiniferatoxin tetrodotoxin nerve fibers urinary bladder immunohistochemistry pig |
| title | The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall |
| title_full | The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall |
| title_short | The Influence of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the Distribution, Relative Frequency, and Chemical Coding of Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Fibers Supplying the Porcine Urinary Bladder Wall |
| title_sort | influence of resiniferatoxin rtx and tetrodotoxin ttx on the distribution relative frequency and chemical coding of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall |
| topic | resiniferatoxin tetrodotoxin nerve fibers urinary bladder immunohistochemistry pig |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/310 |
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