Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions
A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| author | Shimaa R. T. Tolba Laura C. Rosso Isabella Pentimone Mariantonietta Colagiero Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa Ibrahim I. S. Elshawaf Giovanni Bubici Maria Isabella Prigigallo Aurelio Ciancio |
| author_facet | Shimaa R. T. Tolba Laura C. Rosso Isabella Pentimone Mariantonietta Colagiero Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa Ibrahim I. S. Elshawaf Giovanni Bubici Maria Isabella Prigigallo Aurelio Ciancio |
| author_sort | Shimaa R. T. Tolba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of <i>PAL</i>, <i>PIN II</i>, <i>PR1</i> and <i>LOX D</i> in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> DSM 26985. In a second assay, plants of banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i> cv Grand Naine) were artificially infected with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> Tropical race 4 (TR4) and inoculated or not with DSM 26985. In a further experiment, banana plants were inoculated or not with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> plus juveniles of the root knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. A similar assay was also carried out in vitro with adults and juveniles of the lesion nematode <i>Pratylenchus goodeyi</i>. Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations, indicative of early, upward systemic signals induced by the endophyte. Changes in expression profiles included a 5-fold down-regulation of <i>PIN II</i> at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with <i>P. infestans</i> and/or <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>, and the up-regulation of <i>PAL</i> by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai. In the TR4 assay, <i>PR1</i> was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> treated plants. At 10 dai, <i>PIN II</i> expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4. The banana-RKN assay showed a <i>PR1</i> expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> alone, and a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN, with a <i>PR1</i> differential up-regulation at 10 dai. <i>Pratylenchus goodeyi</i> down-regulated <i>PIN</i> at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as <i>PAL</i> but only in presence of <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>. When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated <i>PR1</i> and <i>LOX</i>. The gene expression patterns observed in leaves suggest specific and time-dependent relationships linking host plants and <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> in presence of biotic stress factors, functional to a systemic, although complex, activation of defense genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:32:12Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:32:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b205675f5a194ea2bc70d6176d0f51362023-11-21T14:34:41ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-04-0110471810.3390/plants10040718Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic InteractionsShimaa R. T. Tolba0Laura C. Rosso1Isabella Pentimone2Mariantonietta Colagiero3Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa4Ibrahim I. S. Elshawaf5Giovanni Bubici6Maria Isabella Prigigallo7Aurelio Ciancio8Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, EgyptIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, EgyptDepartment of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, EgyptIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyA study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of <i>PAL</i>, <i>PIN II</i>, <i>PR1</i> and <i>LOX D</i> in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> DSM 26985. In a second assay, plants of banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i> cv Grand Naine) were artificially infected with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> Tropical race 4 (TR4) and inoculated or not with DSM 26985. In a further experiment, banana plants were inoculated or not with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> plus juveniles of the root knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. A similar assay was also carried out in vitro with adults and juveniles of the lesion nematode <i>Pratylenchus goodeyi</i>. Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations, indicative of early, upward systemic signals induced by the endophyte. Changes in expression profiles included a 5-fold down-regulation of <i>PIN II</i> at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with <i>P. infestans</i> and/or <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>, and the up-regulation of <i>PAL</i> by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai. In the TR4 assay, <i>PR1</i> was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> treated plants. At 10 dai, <i>PIN II</i> expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4. The banana-RKN assay showed a <i>PR1</i> expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> alone, and a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN, with a <i>PR1</i> differential up-regulation at 10 dai. <i>Pratylenchus goodeyi</i> down-regulated <i>PIN</i> at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as <i>PAL</i> but only in presence of <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>. When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated <i>PR1</i> and <i>LOX</i>. The gene expression patterns observed in leaves suggest specific and time-dependent relationships linking host plants and <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> in presence of biotic stress factors, functional to a systemic, although complex, activation of defense genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/4/718<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>gene expressionlipoxygenase<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i><i>Musa acuminata</i>phenylalanine ammonia lyase |
| spellingShingle | Shimaa R. T. Tolba Laura C. Rosso Isabella Pentimone Mariantonietta Colagiero Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa Ibrahim I. S. Elshawaf Giovanni Bubici Maria Isabella Prigigallo Aurelio Ciancio Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions Plants <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene expression lipoxygenase <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> <i>Musa acuminata</i> phenylalanine ammonia lyase |
| title | Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions |
| title_full | Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions |
| title_short | Root Endophytism by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions |
| title_sort | root endophytism by i pochonia chlamydosporia i affects defense gene expression in leaves of monocot and dicot hosts under multiple biotic interactions |
| topic | <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene expression lipoxygenase <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> <i>Musa acuminata</i> phenylalanine ammonia lyase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/4/718 |
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