Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases
Sedentary life style is considered to be an independent risk factor for many disorders, including development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, immune dysfunction, asthma, and neurological or coronary heart disease. Irisin is released from myocytes during physical activity, and acts as a link between mus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/8/485 |
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| author | Paulina Korta Ewa Pocheć Agnieszka Mazur-Biały |
| author_facet | Paulina Korta Ewa Pocheć Agnieszka Mazur-Biały |
| author_sort | Paulina Korta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sedentary life style is considered to be an independent risk factor for many disorders, including development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, immune dysfunction, asthma, and neurological or coronary heart disease. Irisin is released from myocytes during physical activity, and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. This myokine is produced as a result of proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5 protein present in the membrane of myocytes. Secretion of irisin is regulated by <i>N</i>-linked oligosaccharides attached to the protein molecule. The two <i>N</i>-glycan molecules, which constitute a significant part of the irisin glycoprotein, regulate the browning of adipocytes, which is the most important function of irisin. A receptor specific for irisin has still not been discovered. In some tissues irisin probably acts via integrins, which are widely expressed transmembrane receptors. Many studies have confirmed the multifunctional role of irisin and the beneficial effects of this molecule on body homeostasis. Irisin reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and modulates metabolic processes and the functioning of the nervous system. It suppresses the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese individuals and attenuates inflammation in adipose tissue. The impact of irisin on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has also been demonstrated in numerous studies, which proves its role in carcinogenesis. Owing to these pleiotropic and beneficial properties, irisin may be a potential option to prevent and treat civilization-related diseases which are, nowadays, considered to be the major health problems in Western societies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:21:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b20d1ebb719d466694b7b50a3d34524c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:21:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-b20d1ebb719d466694b7b50a3d34524c2023-09-02T14:28:08ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X2019-08-0155848510.3390/medicina55080485medicina55080485Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain DiseasesPaulina Korta0Ewa Pocheć1Agnieszka Mazur-Biały2Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, PolandSedentary life style is considered to be an independent risk factor for many disorders, including development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, immune dysfunction, asthma, and neurological or coronary heart disease. Irisin is released from myocytes during physical activity, and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. This myokine is produced as a result of proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5 protein present in the membrane of myocytes. Secretion of irisin is regulated by <i>N</i>-linked oligosaccharides attached to the protein molecule. The two <i>N</i>-glycan molecules, which constitute a significant part of the irisin glycoprotein, regulate the browning of adipocytes, which is the most important function of irisin. A receptor specific for irisin has still not been discovered. In some tissues irisin probably acts via integrins, which are widely expressed transmembrane receptors. Many studies have confirmed the multifunctional role of irisin and the beneficial effects of this molecule on body homeostasis. Irisin reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and modulates metabolic processes and the functioning of the nervous system. It suppresses the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese individuals and attenuates inflammation in adipose tissue. The impact of irisin on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has also been demonstrated in numerous studies, which proves its role in carcinogenesis. Owing to these pleiotropic and beneficial properties, irisin may be a potential option to prevent and treat civilization-related diseases which are, nowadays, considered to be the major health problems in Western societies.https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/8/485irisinFNDC5<i>N</i>-glycosylationphysical activityobesityinflammationcancers |
| spellingShingle | Paulina Korta Ewa Pocheć Agnieszka Mazur-Biały Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases Medicina irisin FNDC5 <i>N</i>-glycosylation physical activity obesity inflammation cancers |
| title | Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases |
| title_full | Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases |
| title_short | Irisin as a Multifunctional Protein: Implications for Health and Certain Diseases |
| title_sort | irisin as a multifunctional protein implications for health and certain diseases |
| topic | irisin FNDC5 <i>N</i>-glycosylation physical activity obesity inflammation cancers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/8/485 |
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