Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth
Flavonols are important copigments that affect flower petal coloration. Flavonol synthase (FLS) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. In this study, we identified a FLS gene, <i>MaFLS</i>, expressed in petals of the ornamental monocot <i>Muscari aucheri</i&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-04-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/8/1579 |
| _version_ | 1831738707646873600 |
|---|---|
| author | Hongli Liu Beibei Su Han Zhang Jiaxin Gong Boxiao Zhang Yali Liu Lingjuan Du |
| author_facet | Hongli Liu Beibei Su Han Zhang Jiaxin Gong Boxiao Zhang Yali Liu Lingjuan Du |
| author_sort | Hongli Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavonols are important copigments that affect flower petal coloration. Flavonol synthase (FLS) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. In this study, we identified a FLS gene, <i>MaFLS</i>, expressed in petals of the ornamental monocot <i>Muscari aucheri</i> (grape hyacinth) and analyzed its spatial and temporal expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis showed that <i>MaFLS</i> was predominantly expressed in the early stages of flower development. We next analyzed the in planta functions of <i>MaFLS.</i> Heterologous expression of <i>MaFLS</i> in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (tobacco) resulted in a reduction in pigmentation in the petals, substantially inhibiting the expression of endogenous tobacco genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (i.e., <i>NtDFR</i>, <i>NtANS</i>, and <i>NtAN2</i>) and upregulating the expression of <i>NtFLS</i>. The total anthocyanin content in the petals of the transformed tobacco plants was dramatically reduced, whereas the total flavonol content was increased. Our study suggests that <i>MaFLS</i> plays a key role in flavonol biosynthesis and flower coloration in grape hyacinth. Moreover, <i>MaFLS</i> may represent a new potential gene for molecular breeding of flower color modification and provide a basis for analyzing the effects of copigmentation on flower coloration in grape hyacinth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2116699bf7548f0a726a4531960be04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2116699bf7548f0a726a4531960be042022-12-21T19:02:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-04-01248157910.3390/molecules24081579molecules24081579Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape HyacinthHongli Liu0Beibei Su1Han Zhang2Jiaxin Gong3Boxiao Zhang4Yali Liu5Lingjuan Du6College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaFlavonols are important copigments that affect flower petal coloration. Flavonol synthase (FLS) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. In this study, we identified a FLS gene, <i>MaFLS</i>, expressed in petals of the ornamental monocot <i>Muscari aucheri</i> (grape hyacinth) and analyzed its spatial and temporal expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis showed that <i>MaFLS</i> was predominantly expressed in the early stages of flower development. We next analyzed the in planta functions of <i>MaFLS.</i> Heterologous expression of <i>MaFLS</i> in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (tobacco) resulted in a reduction in pigmentation in the petals, substantially inhibiting the expression of endogenous tobacco genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (i.e., <i>NtDFR</i>, <i>NtANS</i>, and <i>NtAN2</i>) and upregulating the expression of <i>NtFLS</i>. The total anthocyanin content in the petals of the transformed tobacco plants was dramatically reduced, whereas the total flavonol content was increased. Our study suggests that <i>MaFLS</i> plays a key role in flavonol biosynthesis and flower coloration in grape hyacinth. Moreover, <i>MaFLS</i> may represent a new potential gene for molecular breeding of flower color modification and provide a basis for analyzing the effects of copigmentation on flower coloration in grape hyacinth.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/8/1579copigmentationflavonolflower colorFLSgrape hyacinth |
| spellingShingle | Hongli Liu Beibei Su Han Zhang Jiaxin Gong Boxiao Zhang Yali Liu Lingjuan Du Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth Molecules copigmentation flavonol flower color FLS grape hyacinth |
| title | Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth |
| title_full | Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth |
| title_short | Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth |
| title_sort | identification and functional analysis of a flavonol synthase gene from grape hyacinth |
| topic | copigmentation flavonol flower color FLS grape hyacinth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/8/1579 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hongliliu identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT beibeisu identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT hanzhang identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT jiaxingong identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT boxiaozhang identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT yaliliu identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth AT lingjuandu identificationandfunctionalanalysisofaflavonolsynthasegenefromgrapehyacinth |