Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique
Abstract Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-add...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37936-x |
| _version_ | 1797774240051625984 |
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| author | Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani Hamed Niroumand Lech Balachowski |
| author_facet | Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani Hamed Niroumand Lech Balachowski |
| author_sort | Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-additives in various types of soils were developed. In this research, the role of micro- and nano- size of bentonite as soil stabilizer was evaluated as first few research to improve geotechnical properties of soils. Nano-additives prepared by micro- and nano- sizes of bentonite were blend with four formulations. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, namely 0% Micro-Bentonite, 1% Micro-Bentonite, 2% Micro-Bentonite, 3% Micro-Bentonite, 0% Nano-Bentonite, 1% Nano-Bentonite, 2% Nano-Bentonite, and 3% Nano-Bentonite, respectively. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives were separately added to soil. Specimens with 3% nano-bentonite showed significant improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil that was more than 2.3-times higher than control specimen in 7-d curing time. Also the performance of micro-bentonite resulted in improvement in UCS of soil that was more than 1.1-times higher than control specimen at 7-d curing time. The secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the samples treated with micro- and nano- additives increased in comparison to untreated specimens. Further, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses characterized micro- and nano- structures of soil specimens, and showed the performance of nano-additives in improving strength of soils. Results show that nano-bentonite as a type of nano-additives is an effective means of increasing the strength of soils. This research shows the significant of nano-bentonite in soil improvement, as a NSI technique. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:18:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b222e99269c04ee8860cc55a84994232 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:18:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b222e99269c04ee8860cc55a849942322023-07-23T11:14:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-07-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-37936-xMicro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement techniqueMohadeseh Cheraghalikhani0Hamed Niroumand1Lech Balachowski2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical UniversityDepartment of Geotechnical and Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of TechnologyAbstract Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-additives in various types of soils were developed. In this research, the role of micro- and nano- size of bentonite as soil stabilizer was evaluated as first few research to improve geotechnical properties of soils. Nano-additives prepared by micro- and nano- sizes of bentonite were blend with four formulations. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, namely 0% Micro-Bentonite, 1% Micro-Bentonite, 2% Micro-Bentonite, 3% Micro-Bentonite, 0% Nano-Bentonite, 1% Nano-Bentonite, 2% Nano-Bentonite, and 3% Nano-Bentonite, respectively. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives were separately added to soil. Specimens with 3% nano-bentonite showed significant improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil that was more than 2.3-times higher than control specimen in 7-d curing time. Also the performance of micro-bentonite resulted in improvement in UCS of soil that was more than 1.1-times higher than control specimen at 7-d curing time. The secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the samples treated with micro- and nano- additives increased in comparison to untreated specimens. Further, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses characterized micro- and nano- structures of soil specimens, and showed the performance of nano-additives in improving strength of soils. Results show that nano-bentonite as a type of nano-additives is an effective means of increasing the strength of soils. This research shows the significant of nano-bentonite in soil improvement, as a NSI technique.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37936-x |
| spellingShingle | Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani Hamed Niroumand Lech Balachowski Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique Scientific Reports |
| title | Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique |
| title_full | Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique |
| title_fullStr | Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique |
| title_short | Micro- and nano- bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil-improvement technique |
| title_sort | micro and nano bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil improvement technique |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37936-x |
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