Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
Abstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes towa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07598-7 |
| _version_ | 1818851304655552512 |
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| author | Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu |
| author_facet | Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu |
| author_sort | Xin-Yuan Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes toward human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to reveal the effect of crystal shape on cell injury and to elucidate the pathological mechanism of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The effects of exposure to cross-shaped (COD-CS), flower-like (COD-FL), bipyramid (COD-BD), and elongated–bipyramid (COD-EBD) COD crystals on HK-2 cells were investigated by examining the cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cell morphology change, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptotic and/or necrotic rate. Crystals with large (100) faces (COD-EBD) and sharp edges (COD-CS) showed higher toxicity than COD-BD and COD-FL, respectively. COD crystal exposure caused cell membrane rupture, upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen, and decreased Δψm. This series of phenomena ultimately led to a high apoptotic rate and a low necrotic rate. Crystals with large active faces have a large contact area with epithelial cell surface, and crystals with sharp edges can easily scratch epithelial cells; these factors could promote crystal adhesion and aggregation, thus increasing stone risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:02:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc44 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:02:54Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b225a3ffb6c44a0bb3ef59ca179dbc442022-12-21T20:31:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222017-08-017111310.1038/s41598-017-07598-7Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystalsXin-Yuan Sun0Jian-Ming Ouyang1Kai Yu2Department of Chemistry, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Jinan UniversityAbstract Renal epithelial cell injury causes crystal retention and leads to renal stone formation. However, the effects of crystal shape on cell injury and stone risk remain unclear. This study compared the cytotoxicity degrees of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals having different shapes toward human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to reveal the effect of crystal shape on cell injury and to elucidate the pathological mechanism of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The effects of exposure to cross-shaped (COD-CS), flower-like (COD-FL), bipyramid (COD-BD), and elongated–bipyramid (COD-EBD) COD crystals on HK-2 cells were investigated by examining the cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cell morphology change, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptotic and/or necrotic rate. Crystals with large (100) faces (COD-EBD) and sharp edges (COD-CS) showed higher toxicity than COD-BD and COD-FL, respectively. COD crystal exposure caused cell membrane rupture, upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen, and decreased Δψm. This series of phenomena ultimately led to a high apoptotic rate and a low necrotic rate. Crystals with large active faces have a large contact area with epithelial cell surface, and crystals with sharp edges can easily scratch epithelial cells; these factors could promote crystal adhesion and aggregation, thus increasing stone risk.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07598-7 |
| spellingShingle | Xin-Yuan Sun Jian-Ming Ouyang Kai Yu Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals Scientific Reports |
| title | Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| title_full | Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| title_fullStr | Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| title_short | Shape-dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| title_sort | shape dependent cellular toxicity on renal epithelial cells and stone risk of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07598-7 |
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