Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.
<h4>Objective</h4>To study the fear of Covid 19 infection among Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Fear of Covid 19 scale, a validated scale assessing the fear of Covid 19, was sent electronically to 16255 patients with type 1 diabetes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272133 |
| _version_ | 1811308645292441600 |
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| author | Grethe Åstrøm Ueland Tony Ernes Tone Vonheim Madsen Eystein Sverre Husebye Sverre Sandberg Karianne Fjell Løvaas John Graham Cooper |
| author_facet | Grethe Åstrøm Ueland Tony Ernes Tone Vonheim Madsen Eystein Sverre Husebye Sverre Sandberg Karianne Fjell Løvaas John Graham Cooper |
| author_sort | Grethe Åstrøm Ueland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Objective</h4>To study the fear of Covid 19 infection among Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Fear of Covid 19 scale, a validated scale assessing the fear of Covid 19, was sent electronically to 16255 patients with type 1 diabetes in May 2021. The items are rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (total scores from 7 to 35). The higher the score, the greater the fear.<h4>Results</h4>10145 patients, 52% of the Norwegian adult type 1 diabetes population, completed the questionnaire. The mean total fear score was 13.8 (SD 5.8). Women experienced more fear than men (OR 1.96), and fear increased significantly with increasing age for both genders (p<0.05). Fear increased with increasing BMI, more pronounced for men than women. Fear was positively correlated to HbA1c (Spearman rho 0.067, p<0.05), and significantly increased in patients with micro- and macrovascular complications, compared with patients without complications (p<0.05). Smokers showed increased fear compared with non-smokers, (1.59 (1.39-1.81)), and non-European patients reported more fear than Europeans (OR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.55-2.63).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Assessment of fear of Covid 19 in the type 1 diabetes population in Norway revealed an overall low fear during the third wave of infection. Patients considered to be at high risk of serious disease, such as older individuals, smokers and obese individuals expressed more fear than low risk individuals. The degree of fear was also associated with sex, ethnicity, educational/working status, glycemic control and presence of complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:26:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2281630410c47d1825681eff20c181c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:26:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2281630410c47d1825681eff20c181c2022-12-22T02:52:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01177e027213310.1371/journal.pone.0272133Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.Grethe Åstrøm UelandTony ErnesTone Vonheim MadsenEystein Sverre HusebyeSverre SandbergKarianne Fjell LøvaasJohn Graham Cooper<h4>Objective</h4>To study the fear of Covid 19 infection among Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Fear of Covid 19 scale, a validated scale assessing the fear of Covid 19, was sent electronically to 16255 patients with type 1 diabetes in May 2021. The items are rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (total scores from 7 to 35). The higher the score, the greater the fear.<h4>Results</h4>10145 patients, 52% of the Norwegian adult type 1 diabetes population, completed the questionnaire. The mean total fear score was 13.8 (SD 5.8). Women experienced more fear than men (OR 1.96), and fear increased significantly with increasing age for both genders (p<0.05). Fear increased with increasing BMI, more pronounced for men than women. Fear was positively correlated to HbA1c (Spearman rho 0.067, p<0.05), and significantly increased in patients with micro- and macrovascular complications, compared with patients without complications (p<0.05). Smokers showed increased fear compared with non-smokers, (1.59 (1.39-1.81)), and non-European patients reported more fear than Europeans (OR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.55-2.63).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Assessment of fear of Covid 19 in the type 1 diabetes population in Norway revealed an overall low fear during the third wave of infection. Patients considered to be at high risk of serious disease, such as older individuals, smokers and obese individuals expressed more fear than low risk individuals. The degree of fear was also associated with sex, ethnicity, educational/working status, glycemic control and presence of complications.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272133 |
| spellingShingle | Grethe Åstrøm Ueland Tony Ernes Tone Vonheim Madsen Eystein Sverre Husebye Sverre Sandberg Karianne Fjell Løvaas John Graham Cooper Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. PLoS ONE |
| title | Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| title_full | Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| title_fullStr | Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| title_short | Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| title_sort | fear of covid 19 during the third wave of infection in norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272133 |
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