The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults
Numerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the <i>FKBP5</i> gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreove...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| author | Filip Stramecki Błażej Misiak Łukasz Gawęda Katarzyna Prochwicz Joanna Kłosowska Jerzy Samochowiec Agnieszka Samochowiec Edyta Pawlak Elżbieta Szmida Paweł Skiba Andrzej Cechnicki Dorota Frydecka |
| author_facet | Filip Stramecki Błażej Misiak Łukasz Gawęda Katarzyna Prochwicz Joanna Kłosowska Jerzy Samochowiec Agnieszka Samochowiec Edyta Pawlak Elżbieta Szmida Paweł Skiba Andrzej Cechnicki Dorota Frydecka |
| author_sort | Filip Stramecki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the <i>FKBP5</i> gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreover, anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been shown to increase both the level of perceived stress and the risk for psychosis development. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether variants of the <i>FKBP5</i> gene moderate the effects of attachment styles and the level of perceived stress on the development of PLEs. A total of 535 non-clinical undergraduates were genotyped for six <i>FKBP5</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158). The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16) were administered to assess attachment styles, the level of perceived stress and PLEs, respectively. Anxious attachment style, lower levels of perceived self-efficacy and higher levels of perceived helplessness were associated with a significantly higher number of PLEs. The main effects of attachment style on the severity of PLEs were significant in models testing for the associations with perceived self-efficacy and three FKBP5 SNPs (rs1360780, rs9296158 and rs9470080). The main effect of rs38003733 on the number of PLEs was observed, with GG homozygotes reporting a significantly higher number of PLEs in comparison to T allele carriers. In individuals with dominant anxious attachment style, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the <i>FKBP5</i> rs4713902 SNP and self-efficacy on the severity of PLEs. Among rs4713902 TT homozygotes, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with higher severity of PLEs. In subjects with non-dominant anxious attachment, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with a higher number of PLEs, regardless of the genotype. Our results indicate that the <i>FKBP5</i> gene might moderate the relationship between attachment, perceived stress and PLEs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:48Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:48Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b22837bbe199429e9ac746218a54425a2023-11-24T01:49:22ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-03-01116161410.3390/jcm11061614The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young AdultsFilip Stramecki0Błażej Misiak1Łukasz Gawęda2Katarzyna Prochwicz3Joanna Kłosowska4Jerzy Samochowiec5Agnieszka Samochowiec6Edyta Pawlak7Elżbieta Szmida8Paweł Skiba9Andrzej Cechnicki10Dorota Frydecka11Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandExperimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza Street 1, 00-378 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6 Street, 30-060 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6 Street, 30-060 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-457 Szczecin, PolandInstitute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla Street 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Community Psychiatry, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Sikorskiego Place 2, 31-115 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandNumerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the <i>FKBP5</i> gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreover, anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been shown to increase both the level of perceived stress and the risk for psychosis development. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether variants of the <i>FKBP5</i> gene moderate the effects of attachment styles and the level of perceived stress on the development of PLEs. A total of 535 non-clinical undergraduates were genotyped for six <i>FKBP5</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158). The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16) were administered to assess attachment styles, the level of perceived stress and PLEs, respectively. Anxious attachment style, lower levels of perceived self-efficacy and higher levels of perceived helplessness were associated with a significantly higher number of PLEs. The main effects of attachment style on the severity of PLEs were significant in models testing for the associations with perceived self-efficacy and three FKBP5 SNPs (rs1360780, rs9296158 and rs9470080). The main effect of rs38003733 on the number of PLEs was observed, with GG homozygotes reporting a significantly higher number of PLEs in comparison to T allele carriers. In individuals with dominant anxious attachment style, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the <i>FKBP5</i> rs4713902 SNP and self-efficacy on the severity of PLEs. Among rs4713902 TT homozygotes, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with higher severity of PLEs. In subjects with non-dominant anxious attachment, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with a higher number of PLEs, regardless of the genotype. Our results indicate that the <i>FKBP5</i> gene might moderate the relationship between attachment, perceived stress and PLEs.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1614psychosisgeneticsHPA-axisstressattachmentFKBP5 |
| spellingShingle | Filip Stramecki Błażej Misiak Łukasz Gawęda Katarzyna Prochwicz Joanna Kłosowska Jerzy Samochowiec Agnieszka Samochowiec Edyta Pawlak Elżbieta Szmida Paweł Skiba Andrzej Cechnicki Dorota Frydecka The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults Journal of Clinical Medicine psychosis genetics HPA-axis stress attachment FKBP5 |
| title | The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults |
| title_full | The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults |
| title_short | The Moderating Role of the <em>FKBP5</em> Gene Polymorphisms in the Relationship between Attachment Style, Perceived Stress and Psychotic-like Experiences in Non-Clinical Young Adults |
| title_sort | moderating role of the em fkbp5 em gene polymorphisms in the relationship between attachment style perceived stress and psychotic like experiences in non clinical young adults |
| topic | psychosis genetics HPA-axis stress attachment FKBP5 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1614 |
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