Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland
Bacteria of the family <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> are globally disseminated and able to infect many bird species. So far, 11 species of <i>Chlamydia</i> have been detected in wild birds, and several studies found chlamydial strains classified as genetically intermediate between <...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/724 |
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| author | Sandro Stalder Hanna Marti Nicole Borel Konrad Sachse Sarah Albini Barbara Renate Vogler |
| author_facet | Sandro Stalder Hanna Marti Nicole Borel Konrad Sachse Sarah Albini Barbara Renate Vogler |
| author_sort | Sandro Stalder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteria of the family <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> are globally disseminated and able to infect many bird species. So far, 11 species of <i>Chlamydia</i> have been detected in wild birds, and several studies found chlamydial strains classified as genetically intermediate between <i>Chlamydia</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>psittaci</i> and <i>C.</i><i>abortus</i>. Recently, a group of these intermediate strains was shown to form a separate species, i.e., <i>C.</i><i>buteonis</i>. In the present study, 1128 samples from 341 raptors of 16 bird species and 253 corvids representing six species were examined using a stepwise diagnostic approach. <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> DNA was detected in 23.7% of the corvids and 5.9% of the raptors. In corvids, the most frequently detected <i>Chlamydia</i> species was <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> of outer membrane protein A (<i>ompA</i>) genotype 1V, which is known to have a host preference for corvids. The most frequently detected <i>ompA</i> genotype in raptors was M56. Furthermore, one of the raptors harbored <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> 1V, and two others carried genotype A. <i>C.</i><i>buteonis</i> was not detected in the bird population investigated, so it remains unknown whether this species occurs in Switzerland. The infection rate of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in corvids was high compared to rates reported in other wild bird species, but neither <i>Chlamydiaceae</i>-positive corvids nor raptors showed overt signs of disease. Since the <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> of both, raptors and crows were identified as <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> and all <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> genotypes are considered to be zoonotic, it can be suggested that raptors and crows pose a potential hazard to the health of their handlers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:06Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b23f5b62d7994324a0ee98b23cd96ae42023-11-20T12:18:37ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-09-019972410.3390/pathogens9090724Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in SwitzerlandSandro Stalder0Hanna Marti1Nicole Borel2Konrad Sachse3Sarah Albini4Barbara Renate Vogler5Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, GermanyVetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandVetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Center for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandBacteria of the family <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> are globally disseminated and able to infect many bird species. So far, 11 species of <i>Chlamydia</i> have been detected in wild birds, and several studies found chlamydial strains classified as genetically intermediate between <i>Chlamydia</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>psittaci</i> and <i>C.</i><i>abortus</i>. Recently, a group of these intermediate strains was shown to form a separate species, i.e., <i>C.</i><i>buteonis</i>. In the present study, 1128 samples from 341 raptors of 16 bird species and 253 corvids representing six species were examined using a stepwise diagnostic approach. <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> DNA was detected in 23.7% of the corvids and 5.9% of the raptors. In corvids, the most frequently detected <i>Chlamydia</i> species was <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> of outer membrane protein A (<i>ompA</i>) genotype 1V, which is known to have a host preference for corvids. The most frequently detected <i>ompA</i> genotype in raptors was M56. Furthermore, one of the raptors harbored <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> 1V, and two others carried genotype A. <i>C.</i><i>buteonis</i> was not detected in the bird population investigated, so it remains unknown whether this species occurs in Switzerland. The infection rate of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in corvids was high compared to rates reported in other wild bird species, but neither <i>Chlamydiaceae</i>-positive corvids nor raptors showed overt signs of disease. Since the <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> of both, raptors and crows were identified as <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> and all <i>C.</i><i>psittaci</i> genotypes are considered to be zoonotic, it can be suggested that raptors and crows pose a potential hazard to the health of their handlers.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/724<i>Chlamydiaceae</i>raptorscrowsSwitzerland<i>C.</i> <i>psittaci</i>/<i>C.</i> <i>abortus</i> intermediates |
| spellingShingle | Sandro Stalder Hanna Marti Nicole Borel Konrad Sachse Sarah Albini Barbara Renate Vogler Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland Pathogens <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> raptors crows Switzerland <i>C.</i> <i>psittaci</i>/<i>C.</i> <i>abortus</i> intermediates |
| title | Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland |
| title_full | Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland |
| title_short | Occurrence of <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland |
| title_sort | occurrence of i chlamydiaceae i in raptors and crows in switzerland |
| topic | <i>Chlamydiaceae</i> raptors crows Switzerland <i>C.</i> <i>psittaci</i>/<i>C.</i> <i>abortus</i> intermediates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/724 |
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