Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas
The underwater nonwetted state on a superhydrophobic surface is hardly maintained in flowing water because the entrapped gas dissolves into the water or is carried off by flow. Therefore, a source gas is necessary to maintain a superhydrophobic state for its applications under realistic conditions....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1893 |
| _version_ | 1797467197226876928 |
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| author | Bao Wang Caihua Wang Ding Weng Marisa Lazarus Dayun Yan Xiaoyan Liu |
| author_facet | Bao Wang Caihua Wang Ding Weng Marisa Lazarus Dayun Yan Xiaoyan Liu |
| author_sort | Bao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The underwater nonwetted state on a superhydrophobic surface is hardly maintained in flowing water because the entrapped gas dissolves into the water or is carried off by flow. Therefore, a source gas is necessary to maintain a superhydrophobic state for its applications under realistic conditions. As detailed in this paper, based on the gas entrapped on a hydrophobic structured surface, the gas regeneration was experimentally achieved to replenish the losses of gas carried off by the flowing and reduced through dissolution. Furthermore, the mechanism of mass transfer at the liquid-gas interface was investigated by simulation. The results indicated that water molecules at a liquid-gas interface should escape to entrapped gas when water content didn’t reach saturation. This phenomenon could be due to the evaporation at the liquid-gas interface. With the increasing water content in the entrapped gas, the evaporation rate at the liquid-gas interface descended gradually. Under the action of flowing, the substances containing high concentrations of water molecule was washed away at the liquid-gas interface. Therefore, the low concentration of the water molecule at the liquid-gas interface was created. As a result, the equilibrium of water and gas at the liquid-gad interface was broken, and the evaporation continued to replenish the lost gas. Overall, the presented results in this study could be considered a promising candidate for replenishing the lost gas in hydrophobic structured surfaces by mass transfer at the liquid-gas interface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b250387ac5c94ac385fa3b3efef29f61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b250387ac5c94ac385fa3b3efef29f612023-11-24T05:54:48ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-11-011311189310.3390/mi13111893Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped GasBao Wang0Caihua Wang1Ding Weng2Marisa Lazarus3Dayun Yan4Xiaoyan Liu5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, ChinaThe underwater nonwetted state on a superhydrophobic surface is hardly maintained in flowing water because the entrapped gas dissolves into the water or is carried off by flow. Therefore, a source gas is necessary to maintain a superhydrophobic state for its applications under realistic conditions. As detailed in this paper, based on the gas entrapped on a hydrophobic structured surface, the gas regeneration was experimentally achieved to replenish the losses of gas carried off by the flowing and reduced through dissolution. Furthermore, the mechanism of mass transfer at the liquid-gas interface was investigated by simulation. The results indicated that water molecules at a liquid-gas interface should escape to entrapped gas when water content didn’t reach saturation. This phenomenon could be due to the evaporation at the liquid-gas interface. With the increasing water content in the entrapped gas, the evaporation rate at the liquid-gas interface descended gradually. Under the action of flowing, the substances containing high concentrations of water molecule was washed away at the liquid-gas interface. Therefore, the low concentration of the water molecule at the liquid-gas interface was created. As a result, the equilibrium of water and gas at the liquid-gad interface was broken, and the evaporation continued to replenish the lost gas. Overall, the presented results in this study could be considered a promising candidate for replenishing the lost gas in hydrophobic structured surfaces by mass transfer at the liquid-gas interface.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1893hydrophobicflowevaporationmicro-grooved surfaceentrapped gas |
| spellingShingle | Bao Wang Caihua Wang Ding Weng Marisa Lazarus Dayun Yan Xiaoyan Liu Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas Micromachines hydrophobic flow evaporation micro-grooved surface entrapped gas |
| title | Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas |
| title_full | Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas |
| title_fullStr | Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas |
| title_short | Replenishment of the Gas in a Hydrophobically-Structured Surface by Mass Transfer at the Liquid-Gas Interface for Improving the Stability of Entrapped Gas |
| title_sort | replenishment of the gas in a hydrophobically structured surface by mass transfer at the liquid gas interface for improving the stability of entrapped gas |
| topic | hydrophobic flow evaporation micro-grooved surface entrapped gas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1893 |
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