Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production
Abstract Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in wet form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Food Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/fbe2.12043 |
| _version_ | 1797858433189281792 |
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| author | Gbemileke M. Olapade Olayinka R. Karim Ibukunoluwa F. Olawuyi |
| author_facet | Gbemileke M. Olapade Olayinka R. Karim Ibukunoluwa F. Olawuyi |
| author_sort | Gbemileke M. Olapade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in wet form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design of two stages of inclusion (before and after fermentation) with four levels (0%, 3%, 5% and 7%) of cowpea hull treatments and standard methods were used to analyze the gari. Stages of inclusion of cowpea hull had a significant (p < 0.05) effects on lightness (L*) which reduced as percentage of cowpea hull increased while redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and change in colour increased as cowpea hull increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a diverse functional group with more than five peaks in the graph. Thermal properties reduced as percentage of cowpea hull increased in the fermented cowpea hulls samples and increased in unfermented which was evident in the pasting properties (1275–2143 RVU, 93–271 RVU, 5.92–6.97 min and 51.70–95.06°C for peak viscosity, breakdown, peak time and temperature), respectively. Enrichment of gari using 5% cowpea hull fermented with the cassava mash is therefore recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:13:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2509bbcbb82493ea7347c088c2a9f92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2770-2081 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:13:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2509bbcbb82493ea7347c088c2a9f922023-03-28T13:54:35ZengWileyFood Bioengineering2770-20812023-03-0121425210.1002/fbe2.12043Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of productionGbemileke M. Olapade0Olayinka R. Karim1Ibukunoluwa F. Olawuyi2Department of Home Economics and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ilorin Ilorin NigeriaDepartment of Home Economics and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ilorin Ilorin NigeriaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu South KoreaAbstract Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in wet form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design of two stages of inclusion (before and after fermentation) with four levels (0%, 3%, 5% and 7%) of cowpea hull treatments and standard methods were used to analyze the gari. Stages of inclusion of cowpea hull had a significant (p < 0.05) effects on lightness (L*) which reduced as percentage of cowpea hull increased while redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and change in colour increased as cowpea hull increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a diverse functional group with more than five peaks in the graph. Thermal properties reduced as percentage of cowpea hull increased in the fermented cowpea hulls samples and increased in unfermented which was evident in the pasting properties (1275–2143 RVU, 93–271 RVU, 5.92–6.97 min and 51.70–95.06°C for peak viscosity, breakdown, peak time and temperature), respectively. Enrichment of gari using 5% cowpea hull fermented with the cassava mash is therefore recommended.https://doi.org/10.1002/fbe2.12043Cowpea hullFTIRgaripasting and thermal properties |
| spellingShingle | Gbemileke M. Olapade Olayinka R. Karim Ibukunoluwa F. Olawuyi Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production Food Bioengineering Cowpea hull FTIR gari pasting and thermal properties |
| title | Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| title_full | Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| title_short | Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties of gari (fermented‐cassava product) enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| title_sort | physicochemical thermal and functional properties of gari fermented cassava product enriched with cowpea hull at different stages of production |
| topic | Cowpea hull FTIR gari pasting and thermal properties |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/fbe2.12043 |
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