Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities
The majority of research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection exploits the adaptive immune system, but innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, is equally important in understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Various cellular mechanisms provide physiochemical barri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023010046 |
| _version_ | 1797851933479796736 |
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| author | Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga R. Douglas Fields |
| author_facet | Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga R. Douglas Fields |
| author_sort | Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The majority of research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection exploits the adaptive immune system, but innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, is equally important in understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Various cellular mechanisms provide physiochemical barriers to microbe infection in mucosal membranes and epithelia, with extracellular polysaccharides, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, being among the most widespread and potent extracellular and secreted molecules blocking and deactivating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. New research reveals that a range of polysaccharides effectively inhibits COV-2 infection of mammalian cells in culture. This review provides an overview of sulfated polysaccharides nomenclature, its significance as immunomodulators, antioxidants, antitumors, anticoagulants, antibacterial, and as potent antivirals. It summarizes current research on various interactions of sulfated polysaccharide with a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and their application for potential treatments for COVID-19. These molecules interact with biochemical signaling in immune cell responses, by actions in oxidative reactions, cytokine signaling, receptor binding, and through antiviral and antibacterial toxicity. These properties provide the potential for the development of novel therapeutic treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases from modified polysaccharides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:25:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b25a67506f9546dbb69a17f151446e8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:25:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b25a67506f9546dbb69a17f151446e8c2023-04-05T08:16:37ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-03-0193e13797Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbiditiesEnrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga0R. Douglas Fields1Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Neotropical Center for the Biomass Research, Quito, Ecuador; The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USAThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Corresponding author. Nervous System Development & Plasticity National Institute of Health, NICHD Bldg. 9, Room 1E126 9 Memorial Drive Bethesda, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.The majority of research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection exploits the adaptive immune system, but innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, is equally important in understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Various cellular mechanisms provide physiochemical barriers to microbe infection in mucosal membranes and epithelia, with extracellular polysaccharides, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, being among the most widespread and potent extracellular and secreted molecules blocking and deactivating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. New research reveals that a range of polysaccharides effectively inhibits COV-2 infection of mammalian cells in culture. This review provides an overview of sulfated polysaccharides nomenclature, its significance as immunomodulators, antioxidants, antitumors, anticoagulants, antibacterial, and as potent antivirals. It summarizes current research on various interactions of sulfated polysaccharide with a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and their application for potential treatments for COVID-19. These molecules interact with biochemical signaling in immune cell responses, by actions in oxidative reactions, cytokine signaling, receptor binding, and through antiviral and antibacterial toxicity. These properties provide the potential for the development of novel therapeutic treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases from modified polysaccharides.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023010046Antiviral saccharidesMulti-target drugsCOVID-19 and comorbiditiesHeparinViral infectionImmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga R. Douglas Fields Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities Heliyon Antiviral saccharides Multi-target drugs COVID-19 and comorbidities Heparin Viral infection Immunomodulation |
| title | Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities |
| title_full | Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities |
| title_fullStr | Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities |
| title_short | Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities |
| title_sort | sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight covid 19 and comorbidities |
| topic | Antiviral saccharides Multi-target drugs COVID-19 and comorbidities Heparin Viral infection Immunomodulation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023010046 |
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