Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries
A growing body of literature probes the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on CO2 emissions. However, no study compares the findings in the case of developed and developing countries. Hence, this study aims to probe the impact of GPR on CO2 emissions for selected developed and developing countries wh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.985384/full |
| _version_ | 1811273507407921152 |
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| author | Wei Ma Fazliddin Nasriddinov Mohammad Haseeb Samrat Ray Mustafa Kamal Noreen Khalid Masood Ur Rehman |
| author_facet | Wei Ma Fazliddin Nasriddinov Mohammad Haseeb Samrat Ray Mustafa Kamal Noreen Khalid Masood Ur Rehman |
| author_sort | Wei Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A growing body of literature probes the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on CO2 emissions. However, no study compares the findings in the case of developed and developing countries. Hence, this study aims to probe the impact of GPR on CO2 emissions for selected developed and developing countries while controlling for energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and economic growth. For this purpose, we make use of a panel dataset covering the period 1990–2020. In the long-run, we report that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis exists for developing countries. Next, the pollution haven hypothesis is validated for the developed countries in the long-run. Also, GPR escalates emissions for developed and developing countries in the long-run. In the short-run, the Environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution haven hypothesis are found invalid. Moreover, in the short-run, GPR impedes emissions in both developed and developing countries. Further, energy consumption upsurges emissions across all samples (i.e., either developed or developing countries) in either its short- or long-run. The heterogeneous findings across the long- and short-run, for developed and developing countries, propose to formulate unalike policies for countries with different levels of income. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:00:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b25ba11067ac47a38fb92a7c072b4728 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b25ba11067ac47a38fb92a7c072b47282022-12-22T03:13:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-09-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.985384985384Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countriesWei Ma0Fazliddin Nasriddinov1Mohammad Haseeb2Samrat Ray3Mustafa Kamal4Noreen Khalid5Masood Ur Rehman6College of Economics and Management, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, ChinaDeputy Head of Academic Affairs and Registrar’s Office, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanChina Institute of Development Strategy and Planning and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaThe Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade Peter The Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaIlma University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaA growing body of literature probes the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on CO2 emissions. However, no study compares the findings in the case of developed and developing countries. Hence, this study aims to probe the impact of GPR on CO2 emissions for selected developed and developing countries while controlling for energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and economic growth. For this purpose, we make use of a panel dataset covering the period 1990–2020. In the long-run, we report that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis exists for developing countries. Next, the pollution haven hypothesis is validated for the developed countries in the long-run. Also, GPR escalates emissions for developed and developing countries in the long-run. In the short-run, the Environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution haven hypothesis are found invalid. Moreover, in the short-run, GPR impedes emissions in both developed and developing countries. Further, energy consumption upsurges emissions across all samples (i.e., either developed or developing countries) in either its short- or long-run. The heterogeneous findings across the long- and short-run, for developed and developing countries, propose to formulate unalike policies for countries with different levels of income.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.985384/fullenergy consumptiongeopolitical riskforeign direct investmentenvironmental kuznets curvepollution haven hypothesis |
| spellingShingle | Wei Ma Fazliddin Nasriddinov Mohammad Haseeb Samrat Ray Mustafa Kamal Noreen Khalid Masood Ur Rehman Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries Frontiers in Environmental Science energy consumption geopolitical risk foreign direct investment environmental kuznets curve pollution haven hypothesis |
| title | Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries |
| title_full | Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries |
| title_short | Revisiting the impact of energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and geopolitical risk on CO2 emissions: Comparing developed and developing countries |
| title_sort | revisiting the impact of energy consumption foreign direct investment and geopolitical risk on co2 emissions comparing developed and developing countries |
| topic | energy consumption geopolitical risk foreign direct investment environmental kuznets curve pollution haven hypothesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.985384/full |
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