Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors
Bile duct necrosis (BDN) with biloma formation is a type of ischemic bile duct injury that is one of the serious complications associated with transarterial therapies, such as transcatheter chemoembolization therapy (TACE), and radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic arteria...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2596 |
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| author | Satoshi Kobayashi Kazuto Kozaka Toshifumi Gabata Osamu Matsui Wataru Koda Miho Okuda Kenichiro Okumura Takumi Sugiura Takahiro Ogi |
| author_facet | Satoshi Kobayashi Kazuto Kozaka Toshifumi Gabata Osamu Matsui Wataru Koda Miho Okuda Kenichiro Okumura Takumi Sugiura Takahiro Ogi |
| author_sort | Satoshi Kobayashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bile duct necrosis (BDN) with biloma formation is a type of ischemic bile duct injury that is one of the serious complications associated with transarterial therapies, such as transcatheter chemoembolization therapy (TACE), and radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for metastatic liver cancer from colorectal carcinoma. In terms of the occurrence of BDN and subsequent biloma formation, ischemic injury to the peribiliary vascular plexus (PBP), the supporting vessel of bile duct epithelium, is thought to be intimately associated. In this paper, we first describe the anatomy, blood supply, and function of the intrahepatic bile duct, and then illustrate the pathophysiology of BDN, and finally present the imaging findings of BDN. Under the process of BDN formation, ischemia of the PBP induces the disruption of the bile duct epithelial protection mechanism that causes coagulation and fibrinoid necrosis of the surrounding tissue by the detergent action of exuded bile acids, and eventually a biloma forms. Once BDN occurs, persistent tissue damage to the surrounding bile duct is induced by imbibed bile acids, and portal vein thrombosis may also be observed. On pre-contrast and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), BDN shows similar findings to intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and, therefore, it is sometimes misdiagnosed. Differentiation of imaging findings on CT and ultrasound (US)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging/MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is important for correct diagnosis of BDN. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b25c9ea2131b4082acd96449fb06391e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-b25c9ea2131b4082acd96449fb06391e2023-11-20T13:23:49ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-09-01129259610.3390/cancers12092596Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver TumorsSatoshi Kobayashi0Kazuto Kozaka1Toshifumi Gabata2Osamu Matsui3Wataru Koda4Miho Okuda5Kenichiro Okumura6Takumi Sugiura7Takahiro Ogi8Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanDepartment of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, JapanBile duct necrosis (BDN) with biloma formation is a type of ischemic bile duct injury that is one of the serious complications associated with transarterial therapies, such as transcatheter chemoembolization therapy (TACE), and radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for metastatic liver cancer from colorectal carcinoma. In terms of the occurrence of BDN and subsequent biloma formation, ischemic injury to the peribiliary vascular plexus (PBP), the supporting vessel of bile duct epithelium, is thought to be intimately associated. In this paper, we first describe the anatomy, blood supply, and function of the intrahepatic bile duct, and then illustrate the pathophysiology of BDN, and finally present the imaging findings of BDN. Under the process of BDN formation, ischemia of the PBP induces the disruption of the bile duct epithelial protection mechanism that causes coagulation and fibrinoid necrosis of the surrounding tissue by the detergent action of exuded bile acids, and eventually a biloma forms. Once BDN occurs, persistent tissue damage to the surrounding bile duct is induced by imbibed bile acids, and portal vein thrombosis may also be observed. On pre-contrast and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), BDN shows similar findings to intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and, therefore, it is sometimes misdiagnosed. Differentiation of imaging findings on CT and ultrasound (US)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging/MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is important for correct diagnosis of BDN.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2596hepatocellular carcinomachemoembolizationbile duct necrosisperibiliary vascular plexus |
| spellingShingle | Satoshi Kobayashi Kazuto Kozaka Toshifumi Gabata Osamu Matsui Wataru Koda Miho Okuda Kenichiro Okumura Takumi Sugiura Takahiro Ogi Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors Cancers hepatocellular carcinoma chemoembolization bile duct necrosis peribiliary vascular plexus |
| title | Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors |
| title_full | Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors |
| title_short | Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of Bile Duct Necrosis: A Rare but Serious Complication of Transarterial Therapy for Liver Tumors |
| title_sort | pathophysiology and imaging findings of bile duct necrosis a rare but serious complication of transarterial therapy for liver tumors |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma chemoembolization bile duct necrosis peribiliary vascular plexus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2596 |
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