Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls
Background: Long-term violent re-offending in forensic psychiatric (FP) patients vs. non-FP offenders is largely unknown.Methods: We studied rates and facets of long-term violent reoffending among 1,062 violent forensic psychiatric examinees (FPE) consecutively undergoing pre-trial, forensic psychia...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715/full |
| _version_ | 1811234185034072064 |
|---|---|
| author | Susanne Bengtson Susanne Bengtson Jens Lund Michael Ibsen Niklas Långström Niklas Långström |
| author_facet | Susanne Bengtson Susanne Bengtson Jens Lund Michael Ibsen Niklas Långström Niklas Långström |
| author_sort | Susanne Bengtson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Long-term violent re-offending in forensic psychiatric (FP) patients vs. non-FP offenders is largely unknown.Methods: We studied rates and facets of long-term violent reoffending among 1,062 violent forensic psychiatric examinees (FPE) consecutively undergoing pre-trial, forensic psychiatric examination (FPE) in Denmark during 1980–1992. Altogether, 392 were sentenced to FP treatment (FPE+T); the remaining 670 examinees received ordinary non-FP sanctions (FPE-T). FPE+T were compared to 392 contemporary matched violent general offenders (GEN) without FPE or other psychiatric contacts and sentenced to ordinary non-FP sanctions. FPE data were linked to population-based registers with sociodemographic, psychiatric, and crime information, and we estimated relative risks controlling for birth year, sex, educational and marital status, and previous violent crime.Results: During follow-up (mean = 18.0–19.5 years), FPE+T and GEN had any violent recidivism rates of 43% vs. 29% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9], respectively. Corresponding findings for severe violence (21% vs. 14%; aHR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9–1.9) and recurrent violence (3+ violent convictions; 16% vs. 6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5–4.4) also suggested weakly to moderately increased risks in FPE+T, albeit non-significantly for the former. Comparing FPE+T to FPE-T suggested decreased risk of any violence (43% vs. 51%; aHR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–1.1), severe (21% vs. 34%; aHR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8), and recurrent violence [16% vs. 22%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0] in FP patients, though non-significantly for any violence and recurrent violence. Among all FPE examinees, violent reoffending was independently predicted by male sex, younger age, pre-index violent crime, personality disorder (vs. schizophrenia spectrum and other psychiatric disorder), substance use disorder, and 5+ hospital admissions.Conclusion: FPE examinees, untreated followed by treated, reoffend violently more often than GENs. Similar trends are suggested also for severe and recurrent violence suggesting a need for continua of services for FPE examinees, independently of medico-legal status (i.e., sentencing to treatment or not). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:33:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b27267693a814ef2ad449134152fcdf9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:33:33Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b27267693a814ef2ad449134152fcdf92022-12-22T03:34:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402019-10-011010.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715477684Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender ControlsSusanne Bengtson0Susanne Bengtson1Jens Lund2Michael Ibsen3Niklas Långström4Niklas Långström5Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, DenmarkSexological Clinic, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, DenmarkI2 Minds, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenBackground: Long-term violent re-offending in forensic psychiatric (FP) patients vs. non-FP offenders is largely unknown.Methods: We studied rates and facets of long-term violent reoffending among 1,062 violent forensic psychiatric examinees (FPE) consecutively undergoing pre-trial, forensic psychiatric examination (FPE) in Denmark during 1980–1992. Altogether, 392 were sentenced to FP treatment (FPE+T); the remaining 670 examinees received ordinary non-FP sanctions (FPE-T). FPE+T were compared to 392 contemporary matched violent general offenders (GEN) without FPE or other psychiatric contacts and sentenced to ordinary non-FP sanctions. FPE data were linked to population-based registers with sociodemographic, psychiatric, and crime information, and we estimated relative risks controlling for birth year, sex, educational and marital status, and previous violent crime.Results: During follow-up (mean = 18.0–19.5 years), FPE+T and GEN had any violent recidivism rates of 43% vs. 29% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9], respectively. Corresponding findings for severe violence (21% vs. 14%; aHR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9–1.9) and recurrent violence (3+ violent convictions; 16% vs. 6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5–4.4) also suggested weakly to moderately increased risks in FPE+T, albeit non-significantly for the former. Comparing FPE+T to FPE-T suggested decreased risk of any violence (43% vs. 51%; aHR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–1.1), severe (21% vs. 34%; aHR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8), and recurrent violence [16% vs. 22%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0] in FP patients, though non-significantly for any violence and recurrent violence. Among all FPE examinees, violent reoffending was independently predicted by male sex, younger age, pre-index violent crime, personality disorder (vs. schizophrenia spectrum and other psychiatric disorder), substance use disorder, and 5+ hospital admissions.Conclusion: FPE examinees, untreated followed by treated, reoffend violently more often than GENs. Similar trends are suggested also for severe and recurrent violence suggesting a need for continua of services for FPE examinees, independently of medico-legal status (i.e., sentencing to treatment or not).https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715/fullforensic psychiatric patientsviolent reoffending riskfacets of violencelong-term follow-upforensic psychiatric evaluation |
| spellingShingle | Susanne Bengtson Susanne Bengtson Jens Lund Michael Ibsen Niklas Långström Niklas Långström Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls Frontiers in Psychiatry forensic psychiatric patients violent reoffending risk facets of violence long-term follow-up forensic psychiatric evaluation |
| title | Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls |
| title_full | Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls |
| title_short | Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls |
| title_sort | long term violent reoffending following forensic psychiatric treatment comparing forensic psychiatric examinees and general offender controls |
| topic | forensic psychiatric patients violent reoffending risk facets of violence long-term follow-up forensic psychiatric evaluation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00715/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT susannebengtson longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols AT susannebengtson longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols AT jenslund longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols AT michaelibsen longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols AT niklaslangstrom longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols AT niklaslangstrom longtermviolentreoffendingfollowingforensicpsychiatrictreatmentcomparingforensicpsychiatricexamineesandgeneraloffendercontrols |