Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits
Plasma-activated liquid (PAL) can effectively and selectively kill various types of cancer cells both in superficial and deeper tumors. As a promising novel approach to oncotherapy, the safety of PAL is essential in the clinic but has not been thoroughly assessed. In myeloma and blood tumors, the pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.659227/full |
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| author | Yujing Xu Sansan Peng Bing Li Shuai Wang Hao Zhang Qiaosong Li Zhijie Liu Bo Guo Dingxin Liu Dehui Xu |
| author_facet | Yujing Xu Sansan Peng Bing Li Shuai Wang Hao Zhang Qiaosong Li Zhijie Liu Bo Guo Dingxin Liu Dehui Xu |
| author_sort | Yujing Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plasma-activated liquid (PAL) can effectively and selectively kill various types of cancer cells both in superficial and deeper tumors. As a promising novel approach to oncotherapy, the safety of PAL is essential in the clinic but has not been thoroughly assessed. In myeloma and blood tumors, the pathogenesis is in the bone marrow cavity. We have therefore evaluated the safety of PAL in New Zealand rabbits by intra-bone marrow injection, and provide a basis of further clinical research and application of PALs. In this study, both a plasma jet and plasma surface were used to treat saline solution, phosphate-buffered solution, and cell culture medium, to produce PAL. Then, oscillograms and optical emission spectra were evaluated to characterize the plasma discharge. Acute toxicity tests and safety evaluation studies were conducted by intra-bone marrow injection of PAL into New Zealand rabbits, while control rabbits received saline only. Body weight, vital organ coefficient, organ appearance, organ histopathology, blood cell and hemoglobin parameters, and blood biochemical indicators were tested on the 30th day after injection. We found that there was no mortality or loss of mobility throughout the experimental period. Acute toxicity tests showed that there were no PAL-related side effects in rabbits receiving the maximum dose of 700 μL PAL. PAL treatments did not affect body weight, organ coefficient, organ appearance, organ histopathology, or blood biochemical indicators. However, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased while the percentage of neutrophil granulocytes increased compared with the control group. In summary, our results indicate that PAL can be safely injected into bone marrow of New Zealand rabbits without significant toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:10:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b27839877332440e9cb0cf1469a2d694 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:10:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b27839877332440e9cb0cf1469a2d6942022-12-21T21:26:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2021-08-01910.3389/fphy.2021.659227659227Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in RabbitsYujing Xu0Sansan Peng1Bing Li2Shuai Wang3Hao Zhang4Qiaosong Li5Zhijie Liu6Bo Guo7Dingxin Liu8Dehui Xu9State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaThe School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaThe School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaPlasma-activated liquid (PAL) can effectively and selectively kill various types of cancer cells both in superficial and deeper tumors. As a promising novel approach to oncotherapy, the safety of PAL is essential in the clinic but has not been thoroughly assessed. In myeloma and blood tumors, the pathogenesis is in the bone marrow cavity. We have therefore evaluated the safety of PAL in New Zealand rabbits by intra-bone marrow injection, and provide a basis of further clinical research and application of PALs. In this study, both a plasma jet and plasma surface were used to treat saline solution, phosphate-buffered solution, and cell culture medium, to produce PAL. Then, oscillograms and optical emission spectra were evaluated to characterize the plasma discharge. Acute toxicity tests and safety evaluation studies were conducted by intra-bone marrow injection of PAL into New Zealand rabbits, while control rabbits received saline only. Body weight, vital organ coefficient, organ appearance, organ histopathology, blood cell and hemoglobin parameters, and blood biochemical indicators were tested on the 30th day after injection. We found that there was no mortality or loss of mobility throughout the experimental period. Acute toxicity tests showed that there were no PAL-related side effects in rabbits receiving the maximum dose of 700 μL PAL. PAL treatments did not affect body weight, organ coefficient, organ appearance, organ histopathology, or blood biochemical indicators. However, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased while the percentage of neutrophil granulocytes increased compared with the control group. In summary, our results indicate that PAL can be safely injected into bone marrow of New Zealand rabbits without significant toxicity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.659227/fullcold atmospheric plasmaplasma-activated liquidNew Zealand rabbitssafety evaluationtumor |
| spellingShingle | Yujing Xu Sansan Peng Bing Li Shuai Wang Hao Zhang Qiaosong Li Zhijie Liu Bo Guo Dingxin Liu Dehui Xu Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits Frontiers in Physics cold atmospheric plasma plasma-activated liquid New Zealand rabbits safety evaluation tumor |
| title | Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits |
| title_full | Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits |
| title_fullStr | Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits |
| title_short | Systematic Safety Evaluation of Cold Plasma-Activated Liquid in Rabbits |
| title_sort | systematic safety evaluation of cold plasma activated liquid in rabbits |
| topic | cold atmospheric plasma plasma-activated liquid New Zealand rabbits safety evaluation tumor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.659227/full |
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