Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea
In recent years, explosion shock wave has been considered as a signature injury of the current military conflicts. Although strong shock wave is lethal to the human body, weak shock wave can cause many more lasting consequences. To investigate the protection ability and characteristics of flexible m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Defence Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914723001812 |
| _version_ | 1797334753400061952 |
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| author | Shiyu Jia Cheng Wang Wenlong Xu Dong Ma Fangfang Qi |
| author_facet | Shiyu Jia Cheng Wang Wenlong Xu Dong Ma Fangfang Qi |
| author_sort | Shiyu Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, explosion shock wave has been considered as a signature injury of the current military conflicts. Although strong shock wave is lethal to the human body, weak shock wave can cause many more lasting consequences. To investigate the protection ability and characteristics of flexible materials and structures under weak shock wave loading, the blast wave produced by TNT explosive is loaded on the polyurethane foam with the density of 200.0 kg/m3 (F-200) and 400.0 kg/m3 (F-400), polyurea with the density of 1100.0 kg/m3 (P-1100) and structures composed of the two materials, which are intended for individual protection. Experimental results indicate that the shock wave is attenuated to weak pressure disturbance after interacting with the flexible materials which are not damaged. The shock wave protective capability of single-layer materials is dependent on their thickness, density and microscopic characteristics. The overpressure, maximum pressure rise rate and impulse of transmitted wave decrease exponentially with increase in sample thickness. For the same thickness, F-400 provides better protective capability than F-200 while P-1100 shows the best protective capability among the three materials. In this study, as the materials are not destroyed, F-200 with a thickness more than 10.0 mm, F-400 with a thickness more than 4.0 mm, and P-1100 with a thickness more than 1.0 mm can attenuate the overpressure amplitude more than 90.0%. Further, multi-layer flexible composites are designed. Different layer layouts of designed structures and layer thickness of the single-layer materials can affect the protective performance. Within the research range, the structure in which polyurea is placed on the impact side shows the optimal shock wave protective performance, and the thicknesses of polyurea and polyurethane foam are 1.0 mm and 4.0 mm respectively. The overpressure attenuation rate reached maximum value of 93.3% and impulse attenuation capacity of this structure are better than those of single-layer polyurea and polyurethane foam with higher areal density. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T08:26:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b29f60e279ce4b38afa5132f88444ee4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-9147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T08:26:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Defence Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b29f60e279ce4b38afa5132f88444ee42024-02-02T04:39:14ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Defence Technology2214-91472024-01-0131179191Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyureaShiyu Jia0Cheng Wang1Wenlong Xu2Dong Ma3Fangfang Qi4State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Corresponding author.Institute for Advanced Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, ChinaIn recent years, explosion shock wave has been considered as a signature injury of the current military conflicts. Although strong shock wave is lethal to the human body, weak shock wave can cause many more lasting consequences. To investigate the protection ability and characteristics of flexible materials and structures under weak shock wave loading, the blast wave produced by TNT explosive is loaded on the polyurethane foam with the density of 200.0 kg/m3 (F-200) and 400.0 kg/m3 (F-400), polyurea with the density of 1100.0 kg/m3 (P-1100) and structures composed of the two materials, which are intended for individual protection. Experimental results indicate that the shock wave is attenuated to weak pressure disturbance after interacting with the flexible materials which are not damaged. The shock wave protective capability of single-layer materials is dependent on their thickness, density and microscopic characteristics. The overpressure, maximum pressure rise rate and impulse of transmitted wave decrease exponentially with increase in sample thickness. For the same thickness, F-400 provides better protective capability than F-200 while P-1100 shows the best protective capability among the three materials. In this study, as the materials are not destroyed, F-200 with a thickness more than 10.0 mm, F-400 with a thickness more than 4.0 mm, and P-1100 with a thickness more than 1.0 mm can attenuate the overpressure amplitude more than 90.0%. Further, multi-layer flexible composites are designed. Different layer layouts of designed structures and layer thickness of the single-layer materials can affect the protective performance. Within the research range, the structure in which polyurea is placed on the impact side shows the optimal shock wave protective performance, and the thicknesses of polyurea and polyurethane foam are 1.0 mm and 4.0 mm respectively. The overpressure attenuation rate reached maximum value of 93.3% and impulse attenuation capacity of this structure are better than those of single-layer polyurea and polyurethane foam with higher areal density.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914723001812Free-field explosionWeak shock wave mitigationPolyureaPolyurethane foamMulti-layered composites |
| spellingShingle | Shiyu Jia Cheng Wang Wenlong Xu Dong Ma Fangfang Qi Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea Defence Technology Free-field explosion Weak shock wave mitigation Polyurea Polyurethane foam Multi-layered composites |
| title | Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| title_full | Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| title_fullStr | Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| title_short | Experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| title_sort | experimental investigation on weak shock wave mitigation characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam and polyurea |
| topic | Free-field explosion Weak shock wave mitigation Polyurea Polyurethane foam Multi-layered composites |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914723001812 |
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