Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning
Weaning stress affects the health and performance of calves. L-glutamine (L-Gln) is commonly used as a functional antioxidant and energy supplement in the body. However, dietary L-Gln supplementation improving weaning stress of calves is unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of L-Gln (provi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/542 |
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| author | Shuo Wang Fuwei Wang Fanlin Kong Zhijun Cao Wei Wang Hongjian Yang Yajing Wang Yanliang Bi Shengli Li |
| author_facet | Shuo Wang Fuwei Wang Fanlin Kong Zhijun Cao Wei Wang Hongjian Yang Yajing Wang Yanliang Bi Shengli Li |
| author_sort | Shuo Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Weaning stress affects the health and performance of calves. L-glutamine (L-Gln) is commonly used as a functional antioxidant and energy supplement in the body. However, dietary L-Gln supplementation improving weaning stress of calves is unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of L-Gln (provided by rumen-protected L-Gln) on calves during weaning. Seventy-five Holstein calves (54.0 ± 2.68 kg; 42 ± 2.1 d of age) were assigned to five groups: no supplementation and L-Gln with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dry matter daily intake (DMI) supplementation groups, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days (42–70 d of age of calves), and the calves were weaned at 15 d of experiment. DMI and body weekly weight of all calves were recorded. Blood samples of nine healthy calves with similar body weight were collected from each group at 0, 7, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 28 d of experiment for detecting serum L-Gln, glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen, D-lactate, cortisol, haptoglobin, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde. At the end of the experiment, six healthy calves with similar body weight from each group were selected for slaughter and morphological analysis of small intestine tissue. The results showed that the L-Gln supplementation in the diets improved the negative effects of sudden weaning in calves. Furthermore, compared to the higher-level L-Gln supple-mentation (3 and 4% of DMI) groups, the dietary lower-level L-Gln supplementation (1 and 2% of DMI) had higher average daily gain, glutathione peroxidase and IgG concentration, and villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as lower cortisol, haptoglobin, and interleukin-8 concentration of weaned calves. These results provided effective reference for relieving the negative effects of calves during weaning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:10:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2aa227e355b433ea578c68dd94afa04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:10:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2aa227e355b433ea578c68dd94afa042023-11-24T00:18:32ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-03-0111354210.3390/antiox11030542Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during WeaningShuo Wang0Fuwei Wang1Fanlin Kong2Zhijun Cao3Wei Wang4Hongjian Yang5Yajing Wang6Yanliang Bi7Shengli Li8State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaWeaning stress affects the health and performance of calves. L-glutamine (L-Gln) is commonly used as a functional antioxidant and energy supplement in the body. However, dietary L-Gln supplementation improving weaning stress of calves is unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of L-Gln (provided by rumen-protected L-Gln) on calves during weaning. Seventy-five Holstein calves (54.0 ± 2.68 kg; 42 ± 2.1 d of age) were assigned to five groups: no supplementation and L-Gln with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dry matter daily intake (DMI) supplementation groups, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days (42–70 d of age of calves), and the calves were weaned at 15 d of experiment. DMI and body weekly weight of all calves were recorded. Blood samples of nine healthy calves with similar body weight were collected from each group at 0, 7, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 28 d of experiment for detecting serum L-Gln, glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen, D-lactate, cortisol, haptoglobin, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde. At the end of the experiment, six healthy calves with similar body weight from each group were selected for slaughter and morphological analysis of small intestine tissue. The results showed that the L-Gln supplementation in the diets improved the negative effects of sudden weaning in calves. Furthermore, compared to the higher-level L-Gln supple-mentation (3 and 4% of DMI) groups, the dietary lower-level L-Gln supplementation (1 and 2% of DMI) had higher average daily gain, glutathione peroxidase and IgG concentration, and villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as lower cortisol, haptoglobin, and interleukin-8 concentration of weaned calves. These results provided effective reference for relieving the negative effects of calves during weaning.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/542weaning stressL-Glncalvesrumen-protected |
| spellingShingle | Shuo Wang Fuwei Wang Fanlin Kong Zhijun Cao Wei Wang Hongjian Yang Yajing Wang Yanliang Bi Shengli Li Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning Antioxidants weaning stress L-Gln calves rumen-protected |
| title | Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning |
| title_full | Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning |
| title_short | Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of L-Glutamine on Holstein Calves during Weaning |
| title_sort | effect of supplementing different levels of l glutamine on holstein calves during weaning |
| topic | weaning stress L-Gln calves rumen-protected |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/542 |
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