Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities
Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) genes play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. However, the Hsp20 gene family has not yet been systematically investigated, and its function in red algae (Rhodophyta) remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterized Hsp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.817852/full |
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| author | Tian Gao Zhaolan Mo Zhaolan Mo Lei Tang Lei Tang Xinzi Yu Guoying Du Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao |
| author_facet | Tian Gao Zhaolan Mo Zhaolan Mo Lei Tang Lei Tang Xinzi Yu Guoying Du Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao |
| author_sort | Tian Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) genes play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. However, the Hsp20 gene family has not yet been systematically investigated, and its function in red algae (Rhodophyta) remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterized Hsp20 gene families in red algae by studying gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome location, gene duplication, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles. In this study, 97 Hsp20 genes were identified using bioinformatic methods and classified into 13 subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hsp20 genes might have a polyphyletic origin and a complex evolutionary pattern. Gene structure analysis revealed that most Hsp20 genes possessed no introns, and all Hsp20 genes contained a conserved α-crystalline domain in the C-terminal region. Conserved motif analysis revealed that Hsp20 genes belonging to the same subfamily shared similar motifs. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated that tandem and segmental duplication events occurred in these gene families. Additionally, these gene families in red algae might have experienced strong purifying selection pressure during evolution, and Hsp20 genes in Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia haitanensis, and Porphyra umbilicalis were highly evolutionarily conserved. The cis-elements of phytohormone-, light-, stress-responsive, and development-related were identified in the red algal Hsp20 gene promoter sequences. Finally, using Py. yezoensis, as a representative of red algae, the Hsp20 gene expression profile was explored. Based on the RNA-seq data, Py. yezoensis Hsp20 (PyyHsp20) genes were found to be involved in Py. yezoensis responses against abiotic and biotic stresses and exhibited diverse expression patterns. Moreover, PyyHsp20 is involved in Py. yezoensis growth and development and revealed spatial and temporal expression patterns. These results provide comprehensive and valuable information on Hsp20 gene families in red algae and lay a foundation for their functional characterization. In addition, our study provides new insights into the evolution of Hsp20 gene families in red algae and will help understand the adaptability of red algae to diverse environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:20:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2b7633b1b3e42c9a92b51db8f3e37c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:20:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2b7633b1b3e42c9a92b51db8f3e37c32022-12-21T19:27:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-03-011310.3389/fpls.2022.817852817852Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional DiversitiesTian Gao0Zhaolan Mo1Zhaolan Mo2Lei Tang3Lei Tang4Xinzi Yu5Guoying Du6Yunxiang Mao7Yunxiang Mao8Yunxiang Mao9Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, ChinaYazhou Bay Innovation Research Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, ChinaKey Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, ChinaHeat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) genes play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. However, the Hsp20 gene family has not yet been systematically investigated, and its function in red algae (Rhodophyta) remains poorly understood. Herein, we characterized Hsp20 gene families in red algae by studying gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome location, gene duplication, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles. In this study, 97 Hsp20 genes were identified using bioinformatic methods and classified into 13 subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hsp20 genes might have a polyphyletic origin and a complex evolutionary pattern. Gene structure analysis revealed that most Hsp20 genes possessed no introns, and all Hsp20 genes contained a conserved α-crystalline domain in the C-terminal region. Conserved motif analysis revealed that Hsp20 genes belonging to the same subfamily shared similar motifs. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated that tandem and segmental duplication events occurred in these gene families. Additionally, these gene families in red algae might have experienced strong purifying selection pressure during evolution, and Hsp20 genes in Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia haitanensis, and Porphyra umbilicalis were highly evolutionarily conserved. The cis-elements of phytohormone-, light-, stress-responsive, and development-related were identified in the red algal Hsp20 gene promoter sequences. Finally, using Py. yezoensis, as a representative of red algae, the Hsp20 gene expression profile was explored. Based on the RNA-seq data, Py. yezoensis Hsp20 (PyyHsp20) genes were found to be involved in Py. yezoensis responses against abiotic and biotic stresses and exhibited diverse expression patterns. Moreover, PyyHsp20 is involved in Py. yezoensis growth and development and revealed spatial and temporal expression patterns. These results provide comprehensive and valuable information on Hsp20 gene families in red algae and lay a foundation for their functional characterization. In addition, our study provides new insights into the evolution of Hsp20 gene families in red algae and will help understand the adaptability of red algae to diverse environments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.817852/fullheat shock protein 20red algaephylogenetic analysisexpression profileabiotic and biotic stressesgrowth and development |
| spellingShingle | Tian Gao Zhaolan Mo Zhaolan Mo Lei Tang Lei Tang Xinzi Yu Guoying Du Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao Yunxiang Mao Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities Frontiers in Plant Science heat shock protein 20 red algae phylogenetic analysis expression profile abiotic and biotic stresses growth and development |
| title | Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities |
| title_full | Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities |
| title_fullStr | Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities |
| title_short | Heat Shock Protein 20 Gene Superfamilies in Red Algae: Evolutionary and Functional Diversities |
| title_sort | heat shock protein 20 gene superfamilies in red algae evolutionary and functional diversities |
| topic | heat shock protein 20 red algae phylogenetic analysis expression profile abiotic and biotic stresses growth and development |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.817852/full |
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