One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi.
<h4>Background</h4>As highly trachoma-endemic countries approach elimination, some districts will have prevalences of trachomatous inflammation-follicular in 1-9-year-olds (TF1-9) of 5.0-9.9%. The World Health Organization (WHO) previously recommended that in such districts, TF prevalenc...
| _version_ | 1826578775154884608 |
|---|---|
| author | Khumbo Kalua Alvin Chisambi David Chinyanya Michael Masika Ana Bakhtiari Rebecca Willis Paul M Emerson Anthony W Solomon Robin L Bailey |
| author_facet | Khumbo Kalua Alvin Chisambi David Chinyanya Michael Masika Ana Bakhtiari Rebecca Willis Paul M Emerson Anthony W Solomon Robin L Bailey |
| author_sort | Khumbo Kalua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>As highly trachoma-endemic countries approach elimination, some districts will have prevalences of trachomatous inflammation-follicular in 1-9-year-olds (TF1-9) of 5.0-9.9%. The World Health Organization (WHO) previously recommended that in such districts, TF prevalence be assessed in each sub-district (groupings of at least three villages), with three rounds of azithromycin treatment offered to any sub-district in which TF≥10%. Given the large number of endemic districts worldwide and the human and financial resources required to conduct surveys, this recommendation may not be practical. In a group of 8 Malawi districts with baseline TF prevalences of 5.0-9.9%, the Malawi Ministry of Health administered one round of azithromycin mass treatment, to the whole of each district, achieving mean coverage of ~80%. Here, we report impact surveys conducted after that treatment.<h4>Methods</h4>We undertook population-based trachoma surveys in 18 evaluation units of the 8 treated districts, at least 6 months after the MDA. The standardized training package and survey methodologies of Tropical Data, which conform to WHO recommendations, were used.<h4>Results</h4>Each of the 18 evaluation units had a TF1-9 prevalence <5.0%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The study demonstrates that in Malawi districts with TF of 5.0-9.9%, one round of azithromycin MDA with ~80% coverage associates with a reduction in TF prevalence to <5%. Further evidence for this approach should be collected elsewhere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:06:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2c43965c57b4c5f81aaf7b07e7a35c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T14:07:44Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2c43965c57b4c5f81aaf7b07e7a35c22025-02-27T05:39:56ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352018-06-01126e000654310.1371/journal.pntd.0006543One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi.Khumbo KaluaAlvin ChisambiDavid ChinyanyaMichael MasikaAna BakhtiariRebecca WillisPaul M EmersonAnthony W SolomonRobin L Bailey<h4>Background</h4>As highly trachoma-endemic countries approach elimination, some districts will have prevalences of trachomatous inflammation-follicular in 1-9-year-olds (TF1-9) of 5.0-9.9%. The World Health Organization (WHO) previously recommended that in such districts, TF prevalence be assessed in each sub-district (groupings of at least three villages), with three rounds of azithromycin treatment offered to any sub-district in which TF≥10%. Given the large number of endemic districts worldwide and the human and financial resources required to conduct surveys, this recommendation may not be practical. In a group of 8 Malawi districts with baseline TF prevalences of 5.0-9.9%, the Malawi Ministry of Health administered one round of azithromycin mass treatment, to the whole of each district, achieving mean coverage of ~80%. Here, we report impact surveys conducted after that treatment.<h4>Methods</h4>We undertook population-based trachoma surveys in 18 evaluation units of the 8 treated districts, at least 6 months after the MDA. The standardized training package and survey methodologies of Tropical Data, which conform to WHO recommendations, were used.<h4>Results</h4>Each of the 18 evaluation units had a TF1-9 prevalence <5.0%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The study demonstrates that in Malawi districts with TF of 5.0-9.9%, one round of azithromycin MDA with ~80% coverage associates with a reduction in TF prevalence to <5%. Further evidence for this approach should be collected elsewhere.https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006543/2/pntd.0006543.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210218%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210218T132904Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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 |
| spellingShingle | Khumbo Kalua Alvin Chisambi David Chinyanya Michael Masika Ana Bakhtiari Rebecca Willis Paul M Emerson Anthony W Solomon Robin L Bailey One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. |
| title_full | One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. |
| title_fullStr | One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. |
| title_full_unstemmed | One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. |
| title_short | One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular of 5.0-9.9%: Evidence from Malawi. |
| title_sort | one round of azithromycin mda adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation follicular of 5 0 9 9 evidence from malawi |
| url | https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006543/2/pntd.0006543.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210218%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210218T132904Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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 |
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