Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Trace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), and their dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15721 |
| _version_ | 1797631814510051328 |
|---|---|
| author | Julia Doroszkiewicz Jakub Ali Farhan Jan Mroczko Izabela Winkel Maciej Perkowski Barbara Mroczko |
| author_facet | Julia Doroszkiewicz Jakub Ali Farhan Jan Mroczko Izabela Winkel Maciej Perkowski Barbara Mroczko |
| author_sort | Julia Doroszkiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), and their dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese play vital roles as enzyme cofactors, supporting neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Imbalances in these trace elements can lead to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. In AD, copper and zinc imbalances are associated with amyloid-beta and tau pathology, impacting cognitive function. PD involves the disruption of iron and manganese levels, leading to oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Toxic metals, like lead and cadmium, impair synaptic transmission and exacerbate neuroinflammation, impacting CNS health. The role of aluminum in AD neurofibrillary tangle formation has also been noted. Understanding the roles of these elements in CNS health and disease might offer potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. The Codex Alimentarius standards concerning the mentioned metals in foods may be one of the key legal contributions to safeguarding public health. Further research is needed to fully comprehend these complex mechanisms and develop effective interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:29:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2c53748fa874be59e15aba442d7fae6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:29:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2c53748fa874be59e15aba442d7fae62023-11-10T15:05:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-10-0124211572110.3390/ijms242115721Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s DiseasesJulia Doroszkiewicz0Jakub Ali Farhan1Jan Mroczko2Izabela Winkel3Maciej Perkowski4Barbara Mroczko5Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, PolandDementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Scinawa, PolandDepartment of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, PolandTrace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), and their dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese play vital roles as enzyme cofactors, supporting neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Imbalances in these trace elements can lead to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. In AD, copper and zinc imbalances are associated with amyloid-beta and tau pathology, impacting cognitive function. PD involves the disruption of iron and manganese levels, leading to oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Toxic metals, like lead and cadmium, impair synaptic transmission and exacerbate neuroinflammation, impacting CNS health. The role of aluminum in AD neurofibrillary tangle formation has also been noted. Understanding the roles of these elements in CNS health and disease might offer potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. The Codex Alimentarius standards concerning the mentioned metals in foods may be one of the key legal contributions to safeguarding public health. Further research is needed to fully comprehend these complex mechanisms and develop effective interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15721neurodegenerationCodex Alimentariusheavy metalstrace elementsfooddiet |
| spellingShingle | Julia Doroszkiewicz Jakub Ali Farhan Jan Mroczko Izabela Winkel Maciej Perkowski Barbara Mroczko Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences neurodegeneration Codex Alimentarius heavy metals trace elements food diet |
| title | Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases |
| title_full | Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases |
| title_short | Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases |
| title_sort | common and trace metals in alzheimer s and parkinson s diseases |
| topic | neurodegeneration Codex Alimentarius heavy metals trace elements food diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15721 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juliadoroszkiewicz commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases AT jakubalifarhan commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases AT janmroczko commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases AT izabelawinkel commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases AT maciejperkowski commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases AT barbaramroczko commonandtracemetalsinalzheimersandparkinsonsdiseases |