Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment
Glioblastomas are heterogeneous and have a poor prognosis. Glioblastoma cells interact with their neighbors to form a tumor-permissive and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Short noncoding RNAs are relevant mediators of the dynamic crosstalk among cancer, stromal, and immune cells in establishing...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.682129/full |
| _version_ | 1818608959520505856 |
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| author | Jun Wei Eli Gilboa George A. Calin Amy B. Heimberger |
| author_facet | Jun Wei Eli Gilboa George A. Calin Amy B. Heimberger |
| author_sort | Jun Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastomas are heterogeneous and have a poor prognosis. Glioblastoma cells interact with their neighbors to form a tumor-permissive and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Short noncoding RNAs are relevant mediators of the dynamic crosstalk among cancer, stromal, and immune cells in establishing the glioblastoma microenvironment. In addition to the ease of combinatorial strategies that are capable of multimodal modulation for both reversing immune suppression and enhancing antitumor immunity, their small size provides an opportunity to overcome the limitations of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability. To enhance glioblastoma delivery, these RNAs have been conjugated with various molecules or packed within delivery vehicles for enhanced tissue-specific delivery and increased payload. Here, we focus on the role of RNA therapeutics by appraising which types of nucleotides are most effective in immune modulation, lead therapeutic candidates, and clarify how to optimize delivery of the therapeutic RNAs and their conjugates specifically to the glioblastoma microenvironment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:50:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2c74008d6fd47cc91c6bf29305955bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:50:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2c74008d6fd47cc91c6bf29305955bc2022-12-21T22:27:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-08-011110.3389/fonc.2021.682129682129Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma MicroenvironmentJun Wei0Eli Gilboa1George A. Calin2Amy B. Heimberger3Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United StatesGlioblastomas are heterogeneous and have a poor prognosis. Glioblastoma cells interact with their neighbors to form a tumor-permissive and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Short noncoding RNAs are relevant mediators of the dynamic crosstalk among cancer, stromal, and immune cells in establishing the glioblastoma microenvironment. In addition to the ease of combinatorial strategies that are capable of multimodal modulation for both reversing immune suppression and enhancing antitumor immunity, their small size provides an opportunity to overcome the limitations of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability. To enhance glioblastoma delivery, these RNAs have been conjugated with various molecules or packed within delivery vehicles for enhanced tissue-specific delivery and increased payload. Here, we focus on the role of RNA therapeutics by appraising which types of nucleotides are most effective in immune modulation, lead therapeutic candidates, and clarify how to optimize delivery of the therapeutic RNAs and their conjugates specifically to the glioblastoma microenvironment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.682129/fullnoncoding RNAstumor microenvironmentmicroRNAsiRNAaptamerantisense oligonucleotide |
| spellingShingle | Jun Wei Eli Gilboa George A. Calin Amy B. Heimberger Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment Frontiers in Oncology noncoding RNAs tumor microenvironment microRNA siRNA aptamer antisense oligonucleotide |
| title | Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment |
| title_full | Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment |
| title_short | Immune Modulatory Short Noncoding RNAs Targeting the Glioblastoma Microenvironment |
| title_sort | immune modulatory short noncoding rnas targeting the glioblastoma microenvironment |
| topic | noncoding RNAs tumor microenvironment microRNA siRNA aptamer antisense oligonucleotide |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.682129/full |
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