Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China
Air pollution is a critical urban environmental issue in China; however, the relationships between air pollutants and ecological functional zones in urban areas are poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four major air pollutants (particulate matter less than...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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author | Liguang Li Ziqi Zhao Hongbo Wang Yangfeng Wang Ningwei Liu Xiaolan Li Yanjun Ma |
author_facet | Liguang Li Ziqi Zhao Hongbo Wang Yangfeng Wang Ningwei Liu Xiaolan Li Yanjun Ma |
author_sort | Liguang Li |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Air pollution is a critical urban environmental issue in China; however, the relationships between air pollutants and ecological functional zones in urban areas are poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four major air pollutants (particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and 10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in diameter, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations over five ecological functional zones in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, at hourly, seasonal, and annual scales using data collected from 11 monitoring stations over 2 years. We further assessed the relationships between these pollutants and meteorological conditions and land-use types at the local scale. Peaks in PM, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations occurred at 08:00–09:00 and 23:00 in all five zones. Daytime PM concentrations were highest in the industrial zone, and those of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were highest in residential areas. All four air pollutants reached their highest concentrations in winter and lowest in summer. The highest mean seasonal PM concentrations were found in the industrial zone, and the highest SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were found in residential areas. The mean annual PM and SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations decreased in 2017 in all zones, while that of NO<sub>2</sub> increased in all zones excluding the cultural zone. The natural reserve zone had the lowest concentrations of all pollutants at all temporal scales. Pollutant concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> were correlated with visibility, and their correlation coefficients are 0.675, 0.579, 0.475, and 0.477. Land coverage with buildings and natural vegetation negatively and positively influence air pollutant concentrations, respectively. |
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language | English |
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series | Atmosphere |
spelling | doaj.art-b2ca1e08e11341c085bdf8debb53306b2023-11-20T16:23:38ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-10-011110107010.3390/atmos11101070Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast ChinaLiguang Li0Ziqi Zhao1Hongbo Wang2Yangfeng Wang3Ningwei Liu4Xiaolan Li5Yanjun Ma6Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaInstitute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, ChinaAir pollution is a critical urban environmental issue in China; however, the relationships between air pollutants and ecological functional zones in urban areas are poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four major air pollutants (particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and 10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in diameter, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations over five ecological functional zones in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, at hourly, seasonal, and annual scales using data collected from 11 monitoring stations over 2 years. We further assessed the relationships between these pollutants and meteorological conditions and land-use types at the local scale. Peaks in PM, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations occurred at 08:00–09:00 and 23:00 in all five zones. Daytime PM concentrations were highest in the industrial zone, and those of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were highest in residential areas. All four air pollutants reached their highest concentrations in winter and lowest in summer. The highest mean seasonal PM concentrations were found in the industrial zone, and the highest SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were found in residential areas. The mean annual PM and SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations decreased in 2017 in all zones, while that of NO<sub>2</sub> increased in all zones excluding the cultural zone. The natural reserve zone had the lowest concentrations of all pollutants at all temporal scales. Pollutant concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> were correlated with visibility, and their correlation coefficients are 0.675, 0.579, 0.475, and 0.477. Land coverage with buildings and natural vegetation negatively and positively influence air pollutant concentrations, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1070ecological functional zonehourly concentrationland-use typepollutant |
spellingShingle | Liguang Li Ziqi Zhao Hongbo Wang Yangfeng Wang Ningwei Liu Xiaolan Li Yanjun Ma Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China Atmosphere ecological functional zone hourly concentration land-use type pollutant |
title | Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China |
title_full | Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China |
title_fullStr | Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China |
title_full_unstemmed | Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China |
title_short | Concentrations of Four Major Air Pollutants among Ecological Functional Zones in Shenyang, Northeast China |
title_sort | concentrations of four major air pollutants among ecological functional zones in shenyang northeast china |
topic | ecological functional zone hourly concentration land-use type pollutant |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1070 |
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