Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review
The sewage sludge generation from the wastewater treatment plant's primary, secondary & tertiary unit processes is greatly accumulating countrywide. This large quantity of sludge is related to the scarcity of dumping land/area, high population density and industrialization. Furthermore,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918522000993 |
| _version_ | 1797955438509031424 |
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| author | Sinqobile Vilakazi Ednah Onyari Onyeka Nkwonta Joseph K. Bwapwa |
| author_facet | Sinqobile Vilakazi Ednah Onyari Onyeka Nkwonta Joseph K. Bwapwa |
| author_sort | Sinqobile Vilakazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sewage sludge generation from the wastewater treatment plant's primary, secondary & tertiary unit processes is greatly accumulating countrywide. This large quantity of sludge is related to the scarcity of dumping land/area, high population density and industrialization. Furthermore, the disposal & poor handling of sewage sludge has severe negative impacts to the environment. On the other hand, the use of the incineration method to dispose sludge mitigates only the sludge volumes. The remaining ash would still need to be disposed to the landfill, which is not economical. As a result, there is a need to develop long-term solutions to the problem of large volumes of sewage sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants. One of the found suitable solutions is to use the treated sewage sludge in the construction field to achieve a zero waste strategy. The current paper reviews the effects of sewage sludge on concrete strength and durability. Previous research suggests that depending on the nature of the sludge, the addition of sludge may reduce the mechanical strength of concrete. The mechanical strength of the concrete decreases significantly when 10% sludge is added in proportion to the amount of concrete, making it unsuitable for medium to high-strength reinforced concrete. However, some previously obtained results indicate that one possible area of application would be in the preparation of low-strength mass concrete that could be used as a filler for road bases and sub-bases with light traffic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:34:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2d15f04da30415885e5517c22822678 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1026-9185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:34:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2d15f04da30415885e5517c228226782023-01-12T04:18:26ZengElsevierSouth African Journal of Chemical Engineering1026-91852023-01-0143122127Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A reviewSinqobile Vilakazi0Ednah Onyari1Onyeka Nkwonta2Joseph K. Bwapwa3University of South Africa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil engineering, P.O Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Corresponding author.University of South Africa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil engineering, P.O Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South AfricaMangosuthu University of Technology, Engineering faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, P.O Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, Umlazi, Durban, South AfricaMangosuthu University of Technology, Engineering faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, P.O Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, Umlazi, Durban, South AfricaThe sewage sludge generation from the wastewater treatment plant's primary, secondary & tertiary unit processes is greatly accumulating countrywide. This large quantity of sludge is related to the scarcity of dumping land/area, high population density and industrialization. Furthermore, the disposal & poor handling of sewage sludge has severe negative impacts to the environment. On the other hand, the use of the incineration method to dispose sludge mitigates only the sludge volumes. The remaining ash would still need to be disposed to the landfill, which is not economical. As a result, there is a need to develop long-term solutions to the problem of large volumes of sewage sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants. One of the found suitable solutions is to use the treated sewage sludge in the construction field to achieve a zero waste strategy. The current paper reviews the effects of sewage sludge on concrete strength and durability. Previous research suggests that depending on the nature of the sludge, the addition of sludge may reduce the mechanical strength of concrete. The mechanical strength of the concrete decreases significantly when 10% sludge is added in proportion to the amount of concrete, making it unsuitable for medium to high-strength reinforced concrete. However, some previously obtained results indicate that one possible area of application would be in the preparation of low-strength mass concrete that could be used as a filler for road bases and sub-bases with light traffic.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918522000993Circular economyConcrete strengthDurabilitySewage sludgeWastewater treatment plant |
| spellingShingle | Sinqobile Vilakazi Ednah Onyari Onyeka Nkwonta Joseph K. Bwapwa Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Circular economy Concrete strength Durability Sewage sludge Wastewater treatment plant |
| title | Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review |
| title_full | Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review |
| title_fullStr | Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review |
| title_short | Reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy & improve concrete strength & durability - A review |
| title_sort | reuse of domestic sewage sludge to achieve a zero waste strategy amp improve concrete strength amp durability a review |
| topic | Circular economy Concrete strength Durability Sewage sludge Wastewater treatment plant |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918522000993 |
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