Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel
The standard production route for mild steels for automotive purposes is still based on conventional continuous casting (CC) and hot strip rolling (HSR). The current trend towards the “zero-carbon car” will demand the abating of material emissions in the future. Thin slab casting and direct rolling...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/893 |
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| author | Dali You Christian Bernhard Andreas Viertauer Bernd Linzer |
| author_facet | Dali You Christian Bernhard Andreas Viertauer Bernd Linzer |
| author_sort | Dali You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The standard production route for mild steels for automotive purposes is still based on conventional continuous casting (CC) and hot strip rolling (HSR). The current trend towards the “zero-carbon car” will demand the abating of material emissions in the future. Thin slab casting and direct rolling (e.g., Arvedi endless strip production (ESP)) is an approach to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 50% compared to CC and HSR. One of the main limitations in applying ESP for the production of ultra-low carbon/interstitial free (ULC/IF) steels is clogging. Clogging is the blockage of the submerged entry nozzle due to the build-up of oxide layers or an oxide network. The high clogging sensitivity of IF steels results most probably from the FeTi addition, and hence, a general change of the deoxidation practice might be an option to overcome these problems. In the present work, the thorough refining process of ULC steel was simulated by addressing the different deoxidation routes and the influence of titanium (Ti) alloying on steel cleanness. The developed ladle furnace (LF) and the Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining models were applied to perform the simulation. Before the simulations, the models are briefly described and validated by the published industrial data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:54:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2d6101a13524c76b0bf5776de6b85cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:54:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2d6101a13524c76b0bf5776de6b85cb2023-11-22T07:16:28ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-07-0111889310.3390/cryst11080893Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) SteelDali You0Christian Bernhard1Andreas Viertauer2Bernd Linzer3Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMetallurgy Department, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaRHI Magnesita GmbH, Kranichberggasse 6, A-1120 Vienna, AustriaPrimetals Technologies Austria GmbH, Turmstrasse 44, 4031 Linz, AustriaThe standard production route for mild steels for automotive purposes is still based on conventional continuous casting (CC) and hot strip rolling (HSR). The current trend towards the “zero-carbon car” will demand the abating of material emissions in the future. Thin slab casting and direct rolling (e.g., Arvedi endless strip production (ESP)) is an approach to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 50% compared to CC and HSR. One of the main limitations in applying ESP for the production of ultra-low carbon/interstitial free (ULC/IF) steels is clogging. Clogging is the blockage of the submerged entry nozzle due to the build-up of oxide layers or an oxide network. The high clogging sensitivity of IF steels results most probably from the FeTi addition, and hence, a general change of the deoxidation practice might be an option to overcome these problems. In the present work, the thorough refining process of ULC steel was simulated by addressing the different deoxidation routes and the influence of titanium (Ti) alloying on steel cleanness. The developed ladle furnace (LF) and the Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining models were applied to perform the simulation. Before the simulations, the models are briefly described and validated by the published industrial data.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/893ultra-low carbon (ULC) steelrefining processsimulationladle furnace (LF)Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) |
| spellingShingle | Dali You Christian Bernhard Andreas Viertauer Bernd Linzer Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel Crystals ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel refining process simulation ladle furnace (LF) Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) |
| title | Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel |
| title_full | Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel |
| title_short | Simulation of the Refining Process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) Steel |
| title_sort | simulation of the refining process of ultra low carbon ulc steel |
| topic | ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel refining process simulation ladle furnace (LF) Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/8/893 |
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