Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation
Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated through chromatin conformation, in which enhancers and promoters physically interact (E–P interactions). How such chromatin-mediated E–P interactions affect gene expression is not yet fully understood, but the roles of histone acetylation and methylation, pion...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5404 |
| _version_ | 1797468798159159296 |
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| author | Shinsuke Ito Nando Dulal Das Takashi Umehara Haruhiko Koseki |
| author_facet | Shinsuke Ito Nando Dulal Das Takashi Umehara Haruhiko Koseki |
| author_sort | Shinsuke Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated through chromatin conformation, in which enhancers and promoters physically interact (E–P interactions). How such chromatin-mediated E–P interactions affect gene expression is not yet fully understood, but the roles of histone acetylation and methylation, pioneer transcription factors, and architectural proteins such as CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin have recently attracted attention. Moreover, accumulated data suggest that E–P interactions are mechanistically involved in biophysical events, including liquid–liquid phase separation, and in biological events, including cancers. In this review, we discuss various mechanisms that regulate eukaryotic gene expression, focusing on emerging views regarding chromatin conformations that are involved in E–P interactions and factors that establish and maintain them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:12:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2dc6d0cef53464a865a7c63c13e33f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:12:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2dc6d0cef53464a865a7c63c13e33f12023-11-24T04:03:53ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-11-011421540410.3390/cancers14215404Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional RegulationShinsuke Ito0Nando Dulal Das1Takashi Umehara2Haruhiko Koseki3Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, JapanLaboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama 230-0045, JapanLaboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama 230-0045, JapanLaboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, JapanEukaryotic gene expression is regulated through chromatin conformation, in which enhancers and promoters physically interact (E–P interactions). How such chromatin-mediated E–P interactions affect gene expression is not yet fully understood, but the roles of histone acetylation and methylation, pioneer transcription factors, and architectural proteins such as CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin have recently attracted attention. Moreover, accumulated data suggest that E–P interactions are mechanistically involved in biophysical events, including liquid–liquid phase separation, and in biological events, including cancers. In this review, we discuss various mechanisms that regulate eukaryotic gene expression, focusing on emerging views regarding chromatin conformations that are involved in E–P interactions and factors that establish and maintain them.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5404gene expressionenhancerpromoterhistone modificationsliquid–liquid phase separationcancer |
| spellingShingle | Shinsuke Ito Nando Dulal Das Takashi Umehara Haruhiko Koseki Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation Cancers gene expression enhancer promoter histone modifications liquid–liquid phase separation cancer |
| title | Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation |
| title_full | Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation |
| title_short | Factors and Mechanisms That Influence Chromatin-Mediated Enhancer–Promoter Interactions and Transcriptional Regulation |
| title_sort | factors and mechanisms that influence chromatin mediated enhancer promoter interactions and transcriptional regulation |
| topic | gene expression enhancer promoter histone modifications liquid–liquid phase separation cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5404 |
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