Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes
<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> ticks are the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus and some bacterial pathogens. The regions where these tick species live overlap, forming large sympatric areas. It has previously been shown that these tick species...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/7/1306 |
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| author | Alexander G. Litov Oxana A. Belova Sergey V. Bugmyrin Ivan S. Kholodilov Lidia Iu. Romanova Galina G. Karganova |
| author_facet | Alexander G. Litov Oxana A. Belova Sergey V. Bugmyrin Ivan S. Kholodilov Lidia Iu. Romanova Galina G. Karganova |
| author_sort | Alexander G. Litov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> ticks are the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus and some bacterial pathogens. The regions where these tick species live overlap, forming large sympatric areas. It has previously been shown that these tick species have no morphological barrier, and interspecies crossing is possible with the appearance of sterile hybrids. It has also been shown that hybrid larvae and nymphs can be differentiated using discriminant functions based on a set of morphological features. However, such an approach is laborious and rather ineffective with adult ticks, making a molecular approach necessary. In the current work, we tested the ability of different systems to differentiate laboratory-obtained hybrid ticks. Our data suggest that commonly used primer sets that target rRNA are unsuitable for hybrid tick determination, likely due to the rRNA region being linked with the X chromosome in <i>I. ricinus</i> and <i>I. persulcatus</i> ticks. We tested several primer sets targeting different non rRNA genes to assess their ability to determine hybrids. The best primer set, Toll_R, targeting the putative Toll gene, showed little to no bias when used for DNA amplification from hybrid ticks. Thus, Toll gene can be further used for hybrid detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:20:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b2e5685d8f644e67a345350851ab901b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:20:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-b2e5685d8f644e67a345350851ab901b2023-11-30T21:30:07ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-06-01107130610.3390/microorganisms10071306Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable GenesAlexander G. Litov0Oxana A. Belova1Sergey V. Bugmyrin2Ivan S. Kholodilov3Lidia Iu. Romanova4Galina G. Karganova5Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, RussiaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910 Petrozavodsk, RussiaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, RussiaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, RussiaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> ticks are the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus and some bacterial pathogens. The regions where these tick species live overlap, forming large sympatric areas. It has previously been shown that these tick species have no morphological barrier, and interspecies crossing is possible with the appearance of sterile hybrids. It has also been shown that hybrid larvae and nymphs can be differentiated using discriminant functions based on a set of morphological features. However, such an approach is laborious and rather ineffective with adult ticks, making a molecular approach necessary. In the current work, we tested the ability of different systems to differentiate laboratory-obtained hybrid ticks. Our data suggest that commonly used primer sets that target rRNA are unsuitable for hybrid tick determination, likely due to the rRNA region being linked with the X chromosome in <i>I. ricinus</i> and <i>I. persulcatus</i> ticks. We tested several primer sets targeting different non rRNA genes to assess their ability to determine hybrids. The best primer set, Toll_R, targeting the putative Toll gene, showed little to no bias when used for DNA amplification from hybrid ticks. Thus, Toll gene can be further used for hybrid detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/7/1306<i>Ixodes persulcatus</i><i>Ixodes ricinus</i>hybridITSTollsex-linked inheritance |
| spellingShingle | Alexander G. Litov Oxana A. Belova Sergey V. Bugmyrin Ivan S. Kholodilov Lidia Iu. Romanova Galina G. Karganova Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes Microorganisms <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> hybrid ITS Toll sex-linked inheritance |
| title | Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes |
| title_full | Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes |
| title_fullStr | Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes |
| title_short | Differentiation of Laboratory-Obtained <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> × <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> Hybrid Ticks: Selection of Suitable Genes |
| title_sort | differentiation of laboratory obtained i ixodes ricinus i i ixodes persulcatus i hybrid ticks selection of suitable genes |
| topic | <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> hybrid ITS Toll sex-linked inheritance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/7/1306 |
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