Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.

For more than 60 years, it has been known that people report higher (lower) subjective values for items after having selected (rejected) them during a choice task. This phenomenon is coined "choice-induced preference change" or CIPC, and its established interpretation is that of "cogn...

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Main Authors: Douglas Lee, Jean Daunizeau
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2020-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231081
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author Douglas Lee
Jean Daunizeau
author_facet Douglas Lee
Jean Daunizeau
author_sort Douglas Lee
collection DOAJ
description For more than 60 years, it has been known that people report higher (lower) subjective values for items after having selected (rejected) them during a choice task. This phenomenon is coined "choice-induced preference change" or CIPC, and its established interpretation is that of "cognitive dissonance" theory. In brief, if people feel uneasy about their choice, they later convince themselves, albeit not always consciously, that the chosen (rejected) item was actually better (worse) than they had originally estimated. While this might make sense from an intuitive psychological standpoint, it is challenging from a theoretical evolutionary perspective. This is because such a cognitive mechanism might yield irrational biases, whose adaptive fitness would be unclear. In this work, we consider an alternative possibility, namely that CIPC is -at least partially- due to the refinement of option value representations that occurs while people are pondering about choice options. For example, contemplating competing possibilities during a choice may highlight aspects of the alternative options that were not considered before. In the context of difficult decisions, this would enable people to reassess option values until they reach a satisfactory level of confidence. This makes CIPC the epiphenomenal outcome of a cognitive process that is instrumental to the decision. Critically, our hypothesis implies novel predictions about how observed CIPC should relate to two specific meta-cognitive processes, namely: choice confidence and subjective certainty regarding pre-choice value judgments. We test these predictions in a behavioral experiment where participants rate the subjective value of food items both before and after choosing between equally valued items; we augment this traditional design with both reports of choice confidence and subjective certainty about value judgments. The results confirm our predictions and provide evidence that many quantitative features of CIPC (in particular: its relationship with metacognitive judgments) may be explained without ever invoking post-choice cognitive dissonance reduction explanation. We then discuss the relevance of our work in the context of the existing debate regarding the putative cognitive mechanisms underlying CIPC.
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spelling doaj.art-b2e6427c6a0d4f138c6b60f2b41c3b912022-12-21T22:38:50ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01155e023108110.1371/journal.pone.0231081Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.Douglas LeeJean DaunizeauFor more than 60 years, it has been known that people report higher (lower) subjective values for items after having selected (rejected) them during a choice task. This phenomenon is coined "choice-induced preference change" or CIPC, and its established interpretation is that of "cognitive dissonance" theory. In brief, if people feel uneasy about their choice, they later convince themselves, albeit not always consciously, that the chosen (rejected) item was actually better (worse) than they had originally estimated. While this might make sense from an intuitive psychological standpoint, it is challenging from a theoretical evolutionary perspective. This is because such a cognitive mechanism might yield irrational biases, whose adaptive fitness would be unclear. In this work, we consider an alternative possibility, namely that CIPC is -at least partially- due to the refinement of option value representations that occurs while people are pondering about choice options. For example, contemplating competing possibilities during a choice may highlight aspects of the alternative options that were not considered before. In the context of difficult decisions, this would enable people to reassess option values until they reach a satisfactory level of confidence. This makes CIPC the epiphenomenal outcome of a cognitive process that is instrumental to the decision. Critically, our hypothesis implies novel predictions about how observed CIPC should relate to two specific meta-cognitive processes, namely: choice confidence and subjective certainty regarding pre-choice value judgments. We test these predictions in a behavioral experiment where participants rate the subjective value of food items both before and after choosing between equally valued items; we augment this traditional design with both reports of choice confidence and subjective certainty about value judgments. The results confirm our predictions and provide evidence that many quantitative features of CIPC (in particular: its relationship with metacognitive judgments) may be explained without ever invoking post-choice cognitive dissonance reduction explanation. We then discuss the relevance of our work in the context of the existing debate regarding the putative cognitive mechanisms underlying CIPC.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231081
spellingShingle Douglas Lee
Jean Daunizeau
Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
PLoS ONE
title Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
title_full Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
title_fullStr Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
title_full_unstemmed Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
title_short Choosing what we like vs liking what we choose: How choice-induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision-making.
title_sort choosing what we like vs liking what we choose how choice induced preference change might actually be instrumental to decision making
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231081
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